LEC 13 - Thorax II Flashcards
What are the five major radiological signs of pneumothorax?
Increased lucency of outside of lung Increased opacity to lung See distinct outer border of lung Retraction of lung border Elevation of heart
What is important to note about the mediastinum when considering air or fluid in the chest?
Some animals have complete and some have incomplete mediatinums
Incomplete only need to tap one side of the chest
What animal has a complete mediastinum?
Cows
What is a traumatic bullae?
Happens with pneumothorax
Weak point of lungs where air is escaping
What are three things that can look like pneumothorax but are not?
Dehydration
Hemorrhage
Shock
What is seen on a x-ray of a patient with tension pneumothorax?
Mediastinal shift away form side with air
Severe atelectasis
Positive pressure in hemithorax
What makes a tension pneumothorax an emergency?
1-way valve effect
What is the one-way valve effect?
Breathing in valve open air can come in
Breathing out pressure closes valve, air becomes trapped and builds extreme pressure
What is seen on x-ray with pleural effusion?
increased opacity outside of lungs
Border effacement
Retraction of lung borders
Pleural fissure lines
What are look alikes for pleural effusion?
Cat asthma
– and –
Obesity
How do you know it is pleural effusion and not cat asthma?
No fluid with asthma just lung collapse
How do you know it is pleural effusion and not obesity?
No other signs
How do you know it is pleural effusion and not an aging animal?
No retraction of borders just fissure lines
What are two causes of fibrosing pleuritis?
Chronic chylothorax
– and –
Pyothorax
What causing the pathology of fibrosing pleuritis?
Fibrin coat viscera
When it matures restricts lungs
What is important to remember about treating fibrosisn pleuritis?
DO NOT REMOVE FLUID
What happens when you remove fluid in fibrosing pleuritis?
Air takes its place since lung can’t expand and you end up with pneumothorax
What is a radiographic sign taht there is fibrosing pleuritis ?
Caudal border of lung is normally sharp, with pleuritis it becomes very rounded
What are five examples of mediastinal disease?
Pneumomediastinum Lymphadenopathy Thyoma Mediastinal cysts Megaesophagus
How can air enter the mediastinum to cause pneumomediatinum?
Esophagus Trachea Neck Retriperitoneum Lungs Infection
What do you know if there is a air in mediastinum and thorax?
it started in mediastinum
doesn’t go the other way
What is the radiographic presentation of megaesophagus?
Widened mediastinum
Fluid/Gas filled
Ventral displacement of trachea – ONLY ONE THAT DOES THIS
What is a clincal sign in dogs with megaesophagus?
Regurgitating undigested food
When is megaesophagus surgical?
When it is due to ligamentum arterosis
What are radiographic signs of a mediastinal mass?
Widened mediastinal border
Dorsal displacement of trachea
What are other disease that can look like a mediastinal mass?
Obesity
– and –
Pleural effusion
What are the lymph nodes present in the chest?
Sternal
Mediastinal
Tracheobronchial - left + right + middle
What are two neoplasias that can occur in the mediastinum?
Thyoma
– and –
Lymphadenopathy
What does the sternal lymph node drain?
Abdomen: Cranial organs
Liver + Pancreas + Stomach + Spleen
Ventral chest wall: Mammary chain
What does it mean when the mediastinum is pulled in a direction?
Empty lung
What does it mean when the mediastinum is pushed in a direction?
Mass
