LEC 26 - Equine Limb Flashcards
How does navicular disease appear on PE?
Intermittent front limb lameness
How common is navicular disease?
Accounts for 1/3 of chronic front limb lameness, not common in hind limbs
What predisposes a horse to navicular disease?
Heriditary component though to be due to conformation
What is the minimum number of views that should be done if navicular disease is thought to be occurring?
3 views
What are changes that would be indicative of navicular syndrome?
Multiple areas of lysis, increased number of channels, and irregular junctions
What are signs of sesamoiditis?
Increased vascular channels and large lytic area
What ligaments attach to the lateral sesmoid?
Suspensory ligament and distal sesmoid ligament
What are the six possible fracture types that can occur in the sesmoid?
Apical + Midbody + Basilar + Abaxial + Sagittal + Comminuted
What is a common fracture in race horses?
Proximal osteochondral fractures
Why do race horses most commonly get proximal osteochondral fractures?
Due to hyperextension of the fetlock joint
How small does a fracture have to be for it to be covered in synovial tissue and not cause a problem?
What is the treatment of choice for fragments or fractures in the joints?
Arthroscopy
How might you know if a toe is too long and needs to be shortened?
Look at the alignment of the toe bones they should not be curved but rather straight up and down
What does ostetitis look like on x-ray?
Increased vascular channels within the hoof
How can you tell the difference between ostetitis and fractures?
When the lines go all the way across the hoof, and seem to have no set pattern most likely a fracture rather then inflammation
What is the most common type of fracture of the third phalanx?
Type II - more lateral and goes all the way from front to back
How can you diagnose a fracture of P3?
Nerve blocks, antrocentesis, radiographs, and N/S
What is the treatment for a P3 fracture?
Rest, should walk sound in 6 to 8 weeks
What is the problem with diagnosing a P3 fracture?
Can be hard to see on x-ray when it is in the acute stage, take one 10 to 14 days after that to make sure no fracture is present.
What P3 fracture types is a neurectomy a viable option?
1 and 2
Which type of P3 fracture requires no treatment?
Type 6
When does type 6 P3 fracture need to be treated?
Osteomyelitis and sequestrum develop
What carpal bone should no be present in a normal horse?
C1
Where does OCD most commonly occur in horses?
DIRT, lateral trochlear ridge, medial malleous, medial trochlear ridge of the talus, and lateral malleolus of distal tibia
How does osteochondritis occur?
Hypoxia of immature cartilage or failure of endochondral ossification
