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Radiology > LEC 12 - Cardiac > Flashcards

LEC 12 - Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Dog Cardiac Size: Lateral view

A

2.5 to 3.5

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2
Q

Normal Dog Cardiac Size: VD view

A

2/3 width of thorax

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3
Q

Normal Dog Cardiac Size: Buchanan method

A

10 to 10.5

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4
Q

What is the VHS that determines disease is occurring?

A

11

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5
Q

What does a VHS between 10.5 and 10.9 tell you?

A

Normal unless patient is presenting with signs of cardiac problems

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6
Q

Normal Feline Cardiac Size: Lateral view

A

2.5 ICS

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7
Q

Normal Feline Cardiac Size: Ventral view

A

1/2 width of thorax

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8
Q

Normal Feline Cardiac Size: Buchanan method

A 
Lateral = 8 
VD = 4 vertebrae wide
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9
Q

What happens with obese cats and their cardiac x-rays?

A

Can no longer see heart

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10
Q

What does an aortic notch tell you?

A

Nothing, this is normal
Do not confuse with PDA
It is due to the orientation of the heart when taking xray

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11
Q

What happens to an older cats heart?

A

Tends to sag somewhat in the chest

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12
Q

What is the normal VHS score for a cat?

A

4.0

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13
Q

What is different about using VHS for a cat?

A

It is a sensitive test but not specific

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14
Q

What shape do you want the heart on lateral radiography?

A

Almond, curved border

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15
Q

What is the gold standard for imaging the heart?

A

Echocardiogram

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16
Q

What type of hypertrophy is seen on a radiograph? Why?

A

Eccentric is seen on xray.

Concentric is not because growth is occurring into the lumen so the overall size of the heart remains unchanged

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17
Q

What is the most common form of heart disease?

A

Left sided enlargement

18
Q

What determines if the left sided heart disease is now heart failure?

A

Pulmonary edema

19
Q

Why is enlargement only still only considered heart disease?

A

heart is still able to compensate

20
Q

What is seen on an xray with left sided enlargement, laterally?

A

Dorsal deviation of the left main stem bronchi

Straightening of caudodorsal heart border

21
Q

What are the two common causes of left-sided cardiomegaly?

A

Mitral valve disease

Dilated cardiomyopathy

22
Q

What animal tends to get mitral valve disease?

A

small dogs

23
Q

What animal tends to get dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Large dogs

24
Q

What left atrialcardiomegaly is most common in cockers?

A

Both are equally common (MVD + DCM)

25
Q

What is seen on an xray with left sided enlargement, VD view?

A

Bulge at 2 to 3:00 position = left auricle

Abaxial devial of main stem bronchi

26
Q

What is seen on the lateral view with left ventricle enlargement?

A

Dorsal deviation of trachea
– and –
Elongated heart

27
Q

What is seen on the VD view with left ventricle enlargement?

A

Convex left heart border
– and –
Round apex

28
Q

What are the lateral/VD descriptions of a right atrium enlargement?

A

Lateral: Convex craniodorsal heart border
VD: Rounding/enlargement of right crainla border

29
Q

What are the lateral/VD descriptions of a right ventricle enlargement?

A

Lateral:
Dorsal deviation of apex
Sternal contact

VD:
Rounded shape
Reverse D

30
Q

What are four common causes of generalized cardiomegaly?

A

Cardiomyopathy
Pericardial effusion
Chronic mitral/tricuspid insufficiency
PPDH

31
Q

What fungus can cause pericardial disease?

A

Valley fever

32
Q

What is an important radiological finding that would suggest PDA?

A

PDA bump

33
Q

What happens with left heart failure?

A

Pulmonary vein enlargement
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
= perihilar + caudodorsal pulmonary opacity
Poor LV function

34
Q

What is seen in dogs with Right sided failure?

A

Ascities

35
Q

What is seen in cats with left sided failure?

A

Pleural free fluid

36
Q

What is seen in cows with left sided failure?

A

Jugular distention

37
Q

When can you have heart failure but no changes in heart size?

A

Dobermans
Boxers
Arrythmias

38
Q

When are x-rays of the heart useful?

A

Lung disease - pattern and location

Overall heart shape and size

39
Q

When is an echo of the heart most useful?

A

Wall thickness

Chamber diameter

40
Q

When is lasix ok to give to a heart failure patient?

A

When pulmonary edema is present

41
Q

When pulmonary edema is not yet present in a cardiac failure patient what should they be given?

A

Enalapril only

Radiology (21 decks)

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