LEC 4 - Bones Flashcards
What are the basic structures that you should look at when examining bone on x-ray?
Soft tissue Bones on edge Joints Cortices Medulla
What two things can be described as aggressive?
Cancers
– and –
Infections
How do you know something is a joint disease versus a bone disease?
Joint disease = both bones on either side of the joint are infected
How do you know if something is an active lesion or not?
Take x-ray then take another one a week later to compare
What are the three forms of lysis?
Geographic
Moth eaten
Permeative
Which form of lysis is the most aggressive?
permeative
What are the two forms of proliferation?
Sclerosis
– and –
Periosteal
What does periosteal proliferation look like?
can see as callus on the outside of the bone
Where does sclerosis occur?
Within the medullary cavity in the bone
What are the three forms of periosteal proliferation?
Smooth
Palsading
Spiculated
What is the most aggressive form of periosteal proliferation?
Spiculated
What are the two ways to describe zones of transition?
Distinct
– and –
Indistinct
What does a distinct zone of transition mean?
Unaggressive or benign lesion
Abrupt demarcation
Can easily see the border between bad and good
What are the major characteristics of bone disease?
Lysis more than proliferation
Indistinct zone of transition
Irregular/spiculated periosteal
Moth eaten/permeative lysis
Term: osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone due to infection
What animals tend to get osteomyelitis?
Horses and cows
Young animals
What can cause osteomyelitis?
Bacterial (inoculation or hematogenous)
– and –
Fungal
What animal tends to get osteomyelitis the most from fungus?
Dogs
What are the fungi that most commonly cause osteomyelitis?
Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Cryptococcus
Aspergillus
What is the most common fungus to cause osteomyelitis?
Blastomycosis
What kind of cancer occurs in the bone most often, primary or secondary?
Primary
What animals tend to get bone neoplasia the most?
Large breed dogs, older
What sites most commonly get bone neoplasia?
Away from the elbow
– and –
Toward the knee
What are two common forms of bone neoplasia?
Myeloma
– and –
Chondrosarcoma
Where does chondrosarcoma tend to grow?
flat bones – ribs
