LEC 4 - Bones

Question 1

What are the basic structures that you should look at when examining bone on x-ray?

Answer 1

Soft tissue
Bones on edge 
Joints 
Cortices 
Medulla

Question 2

What two things can be described as aggressive?

Answer 2

Cancers
– and –
Infections

Question 3

How do you know something is a joint disease versus a bone disease?

Answer 3

Joint disease = both bones on either side of the joint are infected

Question 4

How do you know if something is an active lesion or not?

Answer 4

Take x-ray then take another one a week later to compare

Question 5

What are the three forms of lysis?

Answer 5

Geographic
Moth eaten
Permeative

Question 6

Which form of lysis is the most aggressive?

Answer 6

permeative

Question 7

What are the two forms of proliferation?

Answer 7

Sclerosis
– and –
Periosteal

Question 8

What does periosteal proliferation look like?

Answer 8

can see as callus on the outside of the bone

Question 9

Where does sclerosis occur?

Answer 9

Within the medullary cavity in the bone

Question 10

What are the three forms of periosteal proliferation?

Answer 10

Smooth
Palsading
Spiculated

Question 11

What is the most aggressive form of periosteal proliferation?

Answer 11

Spiculated

Question 12

What are the two ways to describe zones of transition?

Answer 12

Distinct
– and –
Indistinct

Question 13

What does a distinct zone of transition mean?

Answer 13

Unaggressive or benign lesion
Abrupt demarcation
Can easily see the border between bad and good

Question 14

What are the major characteristics of bone disease?

Answer 14

Lysis more than proliferation
Indistinct zone of transition
Irregular/spiculated periosteal
Moth eaten/permeative lysis

Question 15

Term: osteomyelitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the bone due to infection

Question 16

What animals tend to get osteomyelitis?

Answer 16

Horses and cows

Young animals

Question 17

What can cause osteomyelitis?

Answer 17

Bacterial (inoculation or hematogenous)
– and –
Fungal

Question 18

What animal tends to get osteomyelitis the most from fungus?

Answer 18

Dogs

Question 19

What are the fungi that most commonly cause osteomyelitis?

Answer 19

Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Cryptococcus
Aspergillus

Question 20

What is the most common fungus to cause osteomyelitis?

Answer 20

Blastomycosis

Question 21

What kind of cancer occurs in the bone most often, primary or secondary?

Answer 21

Primary

Question 22

What animals tend to get bone neoplasia the most?

Answer 22

Large breed dogs, older

Question 23

What sites most commonly get bone neoplasia?

Answer 23

Away from the elbow
– and –
Toward the knee

Question 24

What are two common forms of bone neoplasia?

Answer 24

Myeloma
– and –
Chondrosarcoma

Question 25

Where does chondrosarcoma tend to grow?

Answer 25

flat bones – ribs