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Radiology > LEC 10 - Thorax > Flashcards

LEC 10 - Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What can be normal variations in thorax radiographs, that can look like issues? (three)

A

Breed + Age + Body conformation

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2
Q

What is the gold standard for looking at chest?

A

CT

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3
Q

What is the down side to doing a CT that would make xrays a better option?

A

Don’t need anesthesia

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4
Q

In what two places is the mediastinum reflected?

A

Caudal vena cava
– and –
Trachea

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5
Q

What variations can be seen when a thoracic xray is taken on expiration?

A

Increased lung opacity
– and –
Increased heart size

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6
Q

What are four reason an animal might have decreased insipiration?

A

Pleural effusion
Anesthesia
Body confirmation
Painful

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7
Q

What appearance does a hypoinflated lung look like?

A

Due to increased thickness will have an increased opacity

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8
Q

Why is it good to take laterals on both the left and right side?

A

Better evaluation of the middle lung lobe region

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9
Q

What part of the chest is the widest?

A

Dorsal

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10
Q

What does it mean when a section of the chest is not “egg shaped”?

A

Increased expansion of the chest

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11
Q

What are typical things seen when pneumothorax is present?

A

Retraction of the lungs

Clear border at dorsal, caudal lung lobe and diaphragm

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12
Q

Where does air tend to go?

A

The widest part of the chest

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13
Q

What view is the worst to see pneumothorax?

A

V/D

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14
Q

What should be done instead of a VD xray in a dog that has pneumothorax?

A

DV

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15
Q

What view should be done on a dog with pleural effusion?

A

VD

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16
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

The same as pneumothorax except not a fluid is present instead of air

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17
Q

Where does fluid tend to go when in the thorax?

A

With gravity, goes down

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18
Q

What do you need to be careful doing with a patient with pleural effusion when taking xrays?

A

if taking VD fluid will collect around heart, impeding blood flow. Cloud be very dangerous for patient

19
Q

How can you tell if a megaesophagus is transient or not?

A

When taking another view esophagus will look normal

20
Q

What dogs tend to get laryngeal paralysis?

A

Labs + Goldens + Rotties + Yorkies

21
Q

What are dogs with laryngeal paralysis at risk for?

A

Heat stroke

Hard time panting so can’t cool off

22
Q

What happens with laryngeal paralysis?

A

Adduction of folds, not opening back up

Causes an obstruction

23
Q

What are the four parts to the upper airway?

A

Pharyngeal
Laryngeal
Tracheal
Brochial

24
Q

What dogs tend to get a collapsed larynx? What should be done to prevent it?

A

Brachycephalic dogs

Fix stenotic nares ASAP

25
Q

What occurs with a collapsed larynx?

A

With expiration sacules are open

With inspiration saccules block airway

26
Q

Is laryngeal collapse dynamic or static?

A

Dynamic

27
Q

What are signs on an x-ray that a dog is working hard to breath?

A

Abdomen is sucked in

Ventral chest is pushed out

28
Q

When is it good to do a lateral neck?

A

When chest xray is taken and nothing is seen that could be causing the problem
To see: Larynx + Pharynx + Cervical trachea

29
Q

What is the 5 view thorax?

A 
V/D chest 
RT lateral 
LT lateral 
Neck lateral 
Expiration
30
Q

Why should you take an expiratory and inspiratory xray?

A

to see any dynamic disease that might be occurring

31
Q

What is the difference between tracheal collapse and large airway collapse?

A

Large airway collapse involves the trachea and principal bronchi as well

32
Q

What changes occur naturally in the chest with older patients?

A 
Increased lung opacity 
Mineralized costal cartilages 
Spondylosis 
Heart orientation 
Pleural fibrosis
33
Q

What changes occur naturally in the chest with fat patients?

A

Increased lung opacity
Increased heart size
Increased width of mediastinum
Increased pleural space

34
Q

What is a common variation seen in the chest of dachsunds and greyhounds?

A

Big Hearts

35
Q

What is a common variation seen in the chest of collies?

A

Heterotropic bone

36
Q

What is a common variation seen in the chest of brachycephalic dogs?

A

Small trachea
– and –
Large heart

37
Q

What are two special xray views that can be done on the chest?

A

Humanoid
– and –
Horizontal beam

38
Q

Why is a horizontal beam xray good?

A

Gravity doesn’t effect lateral view

39
Q

What condition can be seen readily with a horizontal beam xray?

A

Pneumothorax
– and –
Scapular lesions

40
Q

What is a humanoid xray?

A

Front legs are pulled down to sides instead of over the head

41
Q

What are humanoid xray’s good for seeing?

A

Cranial thorax
Lung
First 2 to 3 ribs

42
Q

When is a 3-view thorax good?

A

Basic set for pneumonia, met check, etc.

43
Q

When is a 5-view thorax good?

A

Dyspenic + coughing patients

Radiology (21 decks)

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