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Year 3 MSK (JK) > Learning guide definitions > Flashcards

Learning guide definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

“frozen shoulder”
middle age and elderly
3 phases - pain, stiff, thaw

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2
Q

Anatomical snuffbox

A

Area on radial side of wrist
tip of radial styloid and tendons of EPL and AP
closest to scaphoid - pain can be scaphoid fracture

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3
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Chronic, inflammatory arthritis and autoimmune disease
Joints in spine and sacroilium
eventual fusion of spine
spondyloarthropathies - strong genetic link

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4
Q

Antalgic gait

A

limp to avoid pain on weight bearing structures eg knee, hip, ankle
short stance phase on injured side

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5
Q

Apraxic gait

A

Loss of ability to carry out familiar, purposeful movements in absence of paralysis or motor/sensory impairment

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6
Q

Arthroplasty

A

replacement of a joint

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7
Q

Hemi-arthroplasty

A

only one side of joint resurfaced

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8
Q

Ataxic gait

A

unsteady un co-ordinated walk with wide base of support and feet outward
cerebellar lesion?

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9
Q

AVN

A

bony blood supply disrupted following trauma

displaced fractures - femur, scaphoid, talus

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10
Q

Barton’s fracture

A

intra-articular fracture of distal radius with dislocation of radiocarpal joint
fall on extended and pronated wrist

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11
Q

Bennet’s fracture

A

oblique fracture of base of thumb metacarpal

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12
Q

Bow legs

A

also called genu varum

legs curve out to leave a gap between the knees after infancy passed

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13
Q

cadence

A

rate at which a person walks

steps per minute

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14
Q

Callus formation

A

second stage of fracture healing
periosteal cells proximal to fracture develop into chondroblasts which form hyaline cartilage
distal to fracture = osteobalsts –> woven bone

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15
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

entrapment of median nerve as it passes through carpal tunnel
tingling, pain, numb over median nerve distribution

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16
Q

Cauda equina syndrome

A

medical emergency due to compressing nerve roots below conus medularis
central disc prolapse

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17
Q

Charcot’s arthropathy

A

progressive disease of weight bearing joints
foot and ankle
destruction of bone and soft tissue - joint dislocation, fractures and deformities
DIABETES

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18
Q

Clubfoot

A

congenital talipes equinovarus
inversion at subtalar joint
adduction at talonavicular
breech position

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19
Q

Colle’s fracture

A

distal fracture of radius
“dinner fork” deformity
dorsal displacement and angulation
falling on outstretched hand

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20
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

muscle swells within restrained fascial compartment

neuro-vascular damage

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21
Q

De Quervain’s tenovaginitis

A

inflammation of the tendon sheath that surrounds EPB and APL
ulnar adduction painful
Finklestein’s test

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22
Q

Delayed union

A

prolongation of time to fracture healing

infection, inadequate blood supply or incorrect splintage

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23
Q

Dislocation

A

bones in a joint displaced or misalligned
subluxation is partial dislocation
shoulder

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24
Q

drop foot

A

deep fibular nerve damage

unable to dorsiflex foot

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25
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

thickening and shortening of longitudinal fibres of palmar and digit fascia
draws fingers down to palm

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26
Q

Enteropathic spondyloarthropathies

A

arthritis associated with IBD

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27
Q

epicondylitis

A

lateral - tennis elbow. forearm extensor origin

medial - golfers. Forearm flexor origin

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28
Q

Gangion

A

cystic swelling on or around joints and tendons in hand and foot
scapho-lunate joint

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29
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

incompletely fractured with portion of cortex and periosteum intact on compression side
children

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30
Q

Impingement syndrome

A

subacromial bursa and rotator cuff inflammation
impinge when shoulder abducts and supraspinatus tendon contracts under acromion
painful arc syndrome

31
Q

Intervertebral disc herniation

A

central nucelus pulposus herniates through defect in annulus fibrosus
lumbar region

32
Q

Lesch-nyan syndrome

A

deficiency of enzyme HGPRT
hyperuricaemia and hyperuricosuria
mental retardation, severe gout and kidney problems

33
Q

Locomotion

A

power to move from one place to another

34
Q

Mallet finger

A

extensor tendon torn from insertion when DIP is flexed forcibly

35
Q

metatarsalgia

A

pain in forefoot in relation to metatarsal heads

36
Q

open fracture

A

direct communication between fracture in bone and external environment - usually skin surface

37
Q

osteoarthritis

A

progressive gradual loss of joint articular cartilage
bony spurs - osteophytes
subchondral bone sclerosis
cysts at margins of joints

38
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Brittle bone disease
improper type 1 collagen production or formation
bones fracture early
8 different types

39
Q

osteomalacia

A

soft bone

defective mineralisation of bone - accumulation of unmineralised bone matrix = osteoid

40
Q

osteoporosis

A

compromised bone strength
bone density and quality
fractures

41
Q

osteotomy

A

operation that alters alignment of bone

young males with medial compartment OA of knee

42
Q

osteosarcoma

A

commonest primary malignant bone tumour in young

43
Q

Pagets

A

osteoclasts with abnormal repair and alteration in bone repair

44
Q

paraplegia

A

impairment of motor and sensory function of lower extremities

45
Q

Perthe’s

A

children
idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis
collapse and deformity of joint

46
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

pain and stiff in neck, shoulders and hips secondary to inflammation
associated with temporal arteritis

47
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammatory disease of muscles without skin involvement

48
Q

psoriatic arthritis

A

inflammatory arthritis in 10-30% with psoriasis
seronegative spondyloarthropathies
HLA-B27

49
Q

Quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all limbs and torso

sensory and motor loss

50
Q

raynauds

A

discolouration of fingers and toes secondary to peripheral vasoconstriction and tissue hypoxia

51
Q

Reactive arthritis

A

seronegative spondyloarthropathy
autoimmune condition
following an infection

52
Q

Reiters syndrome

A

reactive arthritis
uveitis
conjunctivitis

53
Q

Rickets

A

children - defective mineralisation of bone before closure of epiphysis
growth plate thick, wide and irregular

54
Q

salter harris fracture

A

children

epiphyseal growth plate

55
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant tumour arising from connective tissues

56
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral and rotational curvature of spine in coronal plane

57
Q

septic arthritis

A

invasion of joint by bacteria

58
Q

sero -ve spondyloarthrotides

A 
HLA-B27
spine and SI joint
asymmetrical 
enthesitis 
RF -ve
ankylosing spondylitis
psoriatic arthritis 
reactive arthritis 
reiter's syndrome
enteropathic arthritis
59
Q

sjogrens

A

exocrine gland destruction - lacrimal and salivary

60
Q

SCFE

A

fracture through capital femoral physis

slippage of overlying epiphysis

61
Q

smiths fracture

A

distal radius - direct blow to dorsal forearm or fall onto flexed wrist
volar displacement

62
Q

spasticity

A

hypertonic skeletal muscle

UMN

63
Q

spina bifida

A

developmental birth effect caused by incomplete closing of embryonic neural tube

64
Q

spiral fracture

A

oblique and encircles shaft

rotational force

65
Q

spondylosis

A

degenerative OA of facet joints

66
Q

stress fracture

A

small linear fracture due to repeated stress

athletes

67
Q

stride length

A

distance from right heel contact to following right heel contact

68
Q

stride period

A

period of time in seconds from initial contact of one foot to following initial contact of same foot

69
Q

SLE

A

antibody complex formation

70
Q

systemic scleroderma

A

skin, MSK, pulmonary, GI, vascular and renal complications

71
Q

temporal arteritis

A

Inflammatory diseases of blood vessels
large and medium arteries of the head
GCA + polymyalgia rheumatica

72
Q

torticollis

A

neck deformity and reduced movement
muscle spasms
lateral flexion contraction
spinal accessory nerve

73
Q

Trendelenburg gait

A

weak abductor muscles of hip - gluteus medius and minimus

74
Q

trigger finger

A

flexor tendon does not run freely through flexor tendon sheath tunnel at base of digit
fully flexed digit
stenosing tenosynovitis

Year 3 MSK (JK) (30 decks)

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