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Year 3 MSK (JK) > Anatomy and clinical of hip and knee > Flashcards

Anatomy and clinical of hip and knee Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by a diarthrodial joint?

A

moveable joint with cartilage on articulating surfaces

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2
Q

hip joint type

A

synovial ball and socket

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3
Q

neck shaft normal angle

A

130

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4
Q

femoral anteversion angle

A

15

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5
Q

acetabular anteversion angle

A

20

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6
Q

static hip stabilisers

A

bony morphology - congruence
anteversion of ball and socket
labrum
negative intra-articular pressure

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7
Q

dynamic hip stabilisers

A

muscles

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8
Q

4 hip flexor muscles

A

iliopsoas
rectus femoris
sartorius
pectineus

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9
Q

innervation of hip flexors

A

femoral nerve

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10
Q

4 hip extensor muscles

A

gluteus maximus
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

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11
Q

innervation of hip extensors

A

glut max = inferior gluteal

others = sciatic

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12
Q

3 hip abductor muscles and innervation

A

gluteus med. and min
tensor fascia latae
superior gluteal nerve

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13
Q

4 hip adductors and innervation

A

adductor longus, brevis and magnus (sciatic aswell)
gracillis
obturator nerve

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14
Q

2 hip internal rotators and innervation

A

anterior fibres - glut med
TFL
superior gluteal

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15
Q

7 hip external rotators

A 
gluteus maximus 
piriformis 
sup and inf gemellus
obturator internus 
obturator externus 
quadratus femoris
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16
Q

hip external rotators innervation

A

obturator

inferior gluteal nerve

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17
Q

Diagnosing hip pathology

A

C sign

exacerbating factors - tying shoe laces

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18
Q

4 sites of pain in hip pathology

A

trochanteric
buttock
groin
referred

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19
Q

blood supply to femoral head

A

capsule via medial and lateral femoral circumflex

ligamentum teres via acetabular branch of obturator

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20
Q

Fixing extra-capsular femoral head

A

always - blood supply intact

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21
Q

blood supply in intra-capsular femoral head fracture

A

compromised

22
Q

Management of intra-capsular femoral head pathology depends on

A

age and displacement

23
Q

When to replace femoral head?

A

old and displaced

24
Q

movements of knee

A

flexion and extension

rotation, varus and valgus

25
Q

Normal ROM knee

A

-5 to 130 degrees

26
Q

Largest sesamoid bone in the body

A

patella

27
Q

Mechanical axis in males and females

A 
M = 14 
F = 17
28
Q

5 static soft tissue constraints of knee

A 
collateral ligaments 
ACL/PCL
capsule
ITB 
menisci
29
Q

4 dynamic soft tissue constraints knee

A

quadriceps
hamstrings
medial and lateral gastroc
popliteus

30
Q

4 knee extensor muscles

A

rectus femoris

vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedialis

31
Q

innervation of the knee extensor muscles

A

femoral nerve

32
Q

4 knee flexor muscles

A

biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
gastrocnemius

33
Q

innervation of the knee flecors

A

sciatic nerve

S1 for the gastrocnemius

34
Q

medial menisci knee

A

less mobile and c shaped

attached to tibia

35
Q

lateral menisci knee

A

more mobile and circular

unattached at popliteus hiatus

36
Q

4 roles of menisci

A

load transmission
stability
proprioception
shock absorption

37
Q

List some knee injuries

A 
meniscal tears
ligament injuries 
OCD lesions 
loose bodies 
fractures
quads/patellar tendon ruptures
38
Q

ACL injury cause

A

knee buckles during pivot and cannot play on

39
Q

What happens immediately in ACL injury/?

A

haemarthrosis

40
Q

x-ray 2 findings for ACL injury

A

haemarthrosis and segond fracture

41
Q

what helps to deepen the hip joint?

A

labrum acetabulare

42
Q

ililofemoral ligament

A

Y shaped

strongest ligament in body

43
Q

6 stabilisers of hip

A 
labrum 
congruity 
capsule 
ligaments 
ligamentum teres 
muscles
44
Q

4 notes on hip dislocation

A

short leg
posteriorly
internally rotated
high energy

45
Q

3 compartments of knee joint

A

medial tibiofemoral
lateral tibiofemoral
patellofemoral

46
Q

Where does the articular cartilage in knee receive nutrition?

A

synovial fluid

47
Q

capsule in knee

A

large, uneven thickness and lined by synovial membrane

48
Q

medial or lateral menisci more commonly damaged?

A

medial

49
Q

symptoms of meniscal tear

A 
rotation, flexion, weightbearing knee 
pop or crack 
delayed swelling 
locked knee 
tender
50
Q

medial collateral ligament

A

flat, broad, blends with capsule

often damaged

51
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A

discrete, round, extra-articular

Year 3 MSK (JK) (30 decks)

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