Anatomy and clinical of hip and knee

Question 1

What is meant by a diarthrodial joint?

Answer 1

moveable joint with cartilage on articulating surfaces

Question 2

hip joint type

Answer 2

synovial ball and socket

Question 3

neck shaft normal angle

Answer 3

130

Question 4

femoral anteversion angle

Answer 4

15

Question 5

acetabular anteversion angle

Answer 5

20

Question 6

static hip stabilisers

Answer 6

bony morphology - congruence
anteversion of ball and socket
labrum
negative intra-articular pressure

Question 7

dynamic hip stabilisers

Answer 7

muscles

Question 8

4 hip flexor muscles

Answer 8

iliopsoas
rectus femoris
sartorius
pectineus

Question 9

innervation of hip flexors

Answer 9

femoral nerve

Question 10

4 hip extensor muscles

Answer 10

gluteus maximus
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

Question 11

innervation of hip extensors

Answer 11

glut max = inferior gluteal

others = sciatic

Question 12

3 hip abductor muscles and innervation

Answer 12

gluteus med. and min
tensor fascia latae
superior gluteal nerve

Question 13

4 hip adductors and innervation

Answer 13

adductor longus, brevis and magnus (sciatic aswell)
gracillis
obturator nerve

Question 14

2 hip internal rotators and innervation

Answer 14

anterior fibres - glut med
TFL
superior gluteal

Question 15

7 hip external rotators

Answer 15

gluteus maximus 
piriformis 
sup and inf gemellus
obturator internus 
obturator externus 
quadratus femoris

Question 16

hip external rotators innervation

Answer 16

obturator

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 17

Diagnosing hip pathology

Answer 17

C sign

exacerbating factors - tying shoe laces

Question 18

4 sites of pain in hip pathology

Answer 18

trochanteric
buttock
groin
referred

Question 19

blood supply to femoral head

Answer 19

capsule via medial and lateral femoral circumflex

ligamentum teres via acetabular branch of obturator

Question 20

Fixing extra-capsular femoral head

Answer 20

always - blood supply intact

Question 21

blood supply in intra-capsular femoral head fracture

Answer 21

compromised

Question 22

Management of intra-capsular femoral head pathology depends on

Answer 22

age and displacement

Question 23

When to replace femoral head?

Answer 23

old and displaced

Question 24

movements of knee

Answer 24

flexion and extension

rotation, varus and valgus

Question 25

Normal ROM knee

Answer 25

-5 to 130 degrees

Question 26

Largest sesamoid bone in the body

Answer 26

patella

Question 27

Mechanical axis in males and females

Answer 27

``` M = 14 F = 17 ```

Question 28

5 static soft tissue constraints of knee

Answer 28

``` collateral ligaments ACL/PCL capsule ITB menisci ```

Question 29

4 dynamic soft tissue constraints knee

Answer 29

quadriceps hamstrings medial and lateral gastroc popliteus

Question 30

4 knee extensor muscles

Answer 30

rectus femoris | vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedialis

Question 31

innervation of the knee extensor muscles

Answer 31

femoral nerve

Question 32

4 knee flexor muscles

Answer 32

biceps femoris semimembranosus semitendinosus gastrocnemius

Question 33

innervation of the knee flecors

Answer 33

sciatic nerve | S1 for the gastrocnemius

Question 34

medial menisci knee

Answer 34

less mobile and c shaped | attached to tibia

Question 35

lateral menisci knee

Answer 35

more mobile and circular | unattached at popliteus hiatus

Question 36

4 roles of menisci

Answer 36

load transmission stability proprioception shock absorption

Question 37

List some knee injuries

Answer 37

``` meniscal tears ligament injuries OCD lesions loose bodies fractures quads/patellar tendon ruptures ```

Question 38

ACL injury cause

Answer 38

knee buckles during pivot and cannot play on

Question 39

What happens immediately in ACL injury/?

Answer 39

haemarthrosis

Question 40

x-ray 2 findings for ACL injury

Answer 40

haemarthrosis and segond fracture

Question 41

what helps to deepen the hip joint?

Answer 41

labrum acetabulare

Question 42

ililofemoral ligament

Answer 42

Y shaped | strongest ligament in body

Question 43

6 stabilisers of hip

Answer 43

``` labrum congruity capsule ligaments ligamentum teres muscles ```

Question 44

4 notes on hip dislocation

Answer 44

short leg posteriorly internally rotated high energy

Question 45

3 compartments of knee joint

Answer 45

medial tibiofemoral lateral tibiofemoral patellofemoral

Question 46

Where does the articular cartilage in knee receive nutrition?

Answer 46

synovial fluid

Question 47

capsule in knee

Answer 47

large, uneven thickness and lined by synovial membrane

Question 48

medial or lateral menisci more commonly damaged?

Answer 48

medial

Question 49

symptoms of meniscal tear

Answer 49

``` rotation, flexion, weightbearing knee pop or crack delayed swelling locked knee tender ```

Question 50

medial collateral ligament

Answer 50

flat, broad, blends with capsule | often damaged

Question 51

lateral collateral ligament

Answer 51

discrete, round, extra-articular