Anatomy of the shoulder and arm Flashcards
What makes up the shoulder girdle?
scapula, clavicle and muscles
Where do the muscles that move the scapula attach?
trunk
serratus anterior attachment and function
medial border of scapula
protracts and stabilises pectoral girdle
2 muscles responsible for adduction
pec major and serratus anterior
As the humerus abducts the scapula rotates…
upwards
what muscle gives the contour of the shoulder and what is its main movement?
deltoid
abduction
triceps brachii function
extend arm and forearm
where does biceps brachii attach?consequence of this
scapula to the radius
supination
brachialis is a strong flexor or extensor of elbow?
flexor
When is brachioradialis a strong flexor?
midpronated
How can the radius move around the ulna?
articulating at superior and inferior radioulnar joints
biceps brachii supination antagonist
pronator teres and quadratus
3 muscles attaching to greater tuberosity of humerus
SIT
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
What muscle attaches to greater tuberosity of humerus?
subscapularis
3 functions of clavicle
support shoulder
protect brachial plexus
attachment of muscles
Name some muscles that attach to the clavicle
SCM sternohyoid subclavius trapezius deltoid pec major
Name the clavicle ligaments
coracoclavicular
coracoacromial
What is a bankart lesion?
injury of anterior glenoid labrum due to shoulder dislocation
Describe the glenoid labrum
fibrocartilage elevating glenoid edge
doubles glenoid depth and increase SA
chock block limiting glenohumeral transition
When can axillary nerve be injured? (2)
shoulder dislocation
fracture of surgical neck of humerus
Axillary nerve injury signs
weak deltoid
sensory loss in badge area
4 rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
Rotator cuff function
protect
give stability
hold humerus head against glenoid cavity in movements
only rotator cuff muscle which is not a rotator of the shoulder?
supraspinatus
overall ratio of glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement
2:1
3 bones and 2 articulation of elbow joint
humerus, ulna, radius
humeroulnar and humeroradial
attachments of ulnar collateral ligaements
medial epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon
Attachments of radial collateral ligaments
lateral epicondye and blends with annular ligament
3 flexors of elbow
brachialis, biceps and brachioradialis
3 extensors of elbow
triceps, anconeus and gravity
shoulder flexion - 4 muscles
pec major
coracobrachialis
biceps
anterior deltoid
Shoulder extension - 3 muscles
teres major
lats
posterior deltoid
shoulder abduction - 2 muscles
middle deltoid
supraspinatus
shoulder adduction - 2 muscles
pec major
lats
medial rotation of shoulder - 2 muscles
teres major and subscapularis
lateral rotation of shoulder - 2 muscles
teres minor and infraspinatus
superior and inferior radioulnar joint types
uniaxial synovial pivot
middle radioulnar joint
syndemosis
fibrous
3 pronators
pronator quadratus and teres
gravity
When is supinator muscle active?
slow unresisted movements
Weakness in serratus anterior can lead to…
winging of scapula
