Forensic aspects of trauma 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Injury

A

Damage to any part of the body due to the application of mechanical force

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2
Q

Force varies with…

A

directly with mas of weapon and square of velocity

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3
Q

Is area the object acts over important?

A

yes

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4
Q

4 injuries excessive mechanical force can cause

A

compression
torsion
traction
tangential

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5
Q

Wat 2 things does resultant damage depend on?

A

type of mechanical insult and nature of tissue

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6
Q

3 ways to classify injury

A

appearance or method of causation
manner of causation
nature of injury

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7
Q

appearance or method of causation

A

abrasion - contusion - laceration - incision - gunshot - burns

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8
Q

manner of causation

A

suicidal - accidental - homicides

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9
Q

Nature of injury

A

blunt force - sharp force - explosion

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10
Q

Blunt force injuries

A

caused by impact with blunt objects eg ground, fist, foot, weapon

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11
Q

contusion

A

bruises - burst blood vessels in skin dermis

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12
Q

abrasions

A

grazes - scrape skin surface

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13
Q

Lacerations

A

cut/tear - split of skin due to crushing

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14
Q

Patterned bruises

A

finger tips, belt, tram lines etc

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15
Q

6 factors affecting prominence of bruising

A
skin pigmentation 
age - child delicate skin, elderly poor vessels 
fat - more subcut fat bruise easier 
coagulation disorders
resilient areas eg abdomen 
depth and location eg eyebrow
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16
Q

What helps you tell direction of injury in abrasions?

17
Q

Difference seen between lacerations and incisions

A

lacerations have bridging of wound

18
Q

incision

A

superficial slashing - longer than it is deep

19
Q

stab

A

thrusting wound depth > length

20
Q

Passive defensive injuries

A

hold up arms or legs for protection

sliced on back of hands and forearms

21
Q

active defensive injuries

A

victim tries to grab weapon or attackers hand

sliced on palmar aspect and webspace - thumb and 1st finger

22
Q

Self inflicted injuries appearance

A

parallel, tentative and multiple
sharp force
wrists abdomen chest

23
Q

3 types of bleed over brain

A

subdural, extradural and subarachnoid

24
Q

volume of blood lost in head injuries and consequence

A

35ml - symptomatic
40-50ml - clinical deterioration and life threatening
80-100ml - usually fatal due to increasing ICP and herniation

25
Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage
rapid rotation of head eg punch to jaw and tear blood vessels at base of brain immediate unconscious and cardiac arrest
26
diffuse axonal injury
clinical term - coma with no mass or metabolic cause
27
traumatic axonal injury
pathological term - damaged axons due to trauma
28
TAI
focal or diffuse and graded 1-3
29
other types of injuries
burns, firearm and explosion
30
post mortem injuries
clues - lack of vital reaction, parchmentation | animal or insect predation