Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 3 MSK (JK) > Common foot and ankle conditions > Flashcards

Common foot and ankle conditions Flashcards

1
Q

List some non operative treatments

A

analgesia/shoewear modifications/weight loss/activity modification/physiotherapy/orthotics eg insoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

6 forefoot problems

A 
hallux valgus 
hallux rigidus 
lesser toe deformities 
mortons neuroma
metatarsalgia
rheumatoid forefoot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aetiology of hallux valgus

A

genetic. female, footwear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Symptoms of hallux valgus

A

pressure symptoms from shoe wear
pain from toes crossing over
metatarsalgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Metatarsalgia

A

pain in ball of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe in 5 steps the pathogenesis of hallux valgus

A

lateral angulation of great toe
tendon pull realigned to lateral of toe
vicious cycle of increase pull and deformity
sesamoid bone sublux - less weight through big toe
deformities of lesser toes occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnosis of hallux valgus

A

clinical

x-rays show severity of bone deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

non operative - hallux valgus

A

shoes - wide and increase toe box
orthotics to offload pressure and correct deformity
activity modification and analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Operative - hallux valgus

A

release lateral soft tissue

osteotomy - 1st MT +/- proximal phalanx`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is hallux rigidus

A

OA of 1st MTP joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aetiology of hallux rigidus

A

unknown, genetic, multiple microtrauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms of hallux rigidus

A

many asymptomatic

can be decreased ROM and pain at extreme dorsiflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diagnosis of hallux rigidus

A

clinical and radiographs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

non op - hallux rigidus

A

activity/shoe with rigid sole/analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

op - hallux rigidus

A

cheilectomy, arthrodesis and arthroplasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gold standard of for hallux rigidus

A

1st MTP joint fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is 1st MTPJ hemiarthroplasty a good option for hallux rigidus?

A

retain ROM and in low demand patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 lesser toe deformities and briefly describe appearance

A

claw - flexed PIP and DIP
hammer - flexed PIP and extended DIP
mallet - DIP flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Aetiology of lesser toe deformities

A 
imbalance between flexors/extensors 
shoe wear 
RA 
neurological 
idiopathic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

symptoms of lesser toe deformities

A

deformity, pain from dorsum and plantar side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 non op - lesser toe deformities

A

activity
shoe wear - flat with high toe box
orthotic insoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

4 op - lesser toe deformities

A

flexor –> extensor transfer
IPJ fusion
release metatarsophalangeal joint
shortening osteotomy of metatarsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

aetiology of mortons neuroma

A

mechanically induced degenerative neuropathy
females age 40-60
high heeled shoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mortons neuroma symptoms

A

3rd followed by 2nd webspace with burning pain

intermittent and sensation in webspace altered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Diagnosis of mortons neuroma - name of clinical sign
mulders click | USS/MRI
26
Management of mortons neuroma
injection for small lesions | excise lesion and some of normal nerve
27
If no known cause of metatarsalgia what should you consider?
tight gastrocnemius
28
non op management of RA forefoot
shoewear, orthotics and activity
29
op - RA forefoot
1st MTPJ arthrodesis is gold standard | 2-5th toe excision arthroplasty
30
3 midfoot problems
ganglia | OA and plantar fibromatosis
31
Where do dorsal foot ganglia arise from?
tendon sheath or joint
32
aetiology of dorsal foot ganglia
idiopathic underlying arthritis underlying tendon pathology
33
symptoms of ganglia
pain from shoe wear pressure or underlying problem
34
Treatment of ganglia
aspirate or family bible | excise
35
% return rate of ganglia excision
50
36
3 types of midfoot arthritis
post traumatic, OA, RA
37
3 treatments of arthritis in midfoot
non op = activity/shoes/orthotics x-ray guided injections fusion
38
When is plantar fibromatosis symptomatic?
very large or weightbearing area
39
non op - plantar fibromatosis
avoid pressure - shoes/orthotics
40
other treatments of pantar fibromatosis
excise radiotherapy radiotherapy and surgery
41
5 hindfoot problems
``` ankle osteoarthritis cavovarus foot achilles tendinosis plantar fasciitis tibialis posterior dysfunction ```
42
Describe achilles tendinosis
degenerative/overuse condition with little inflammation
43
Who does paratendonopathy affect?
athletes, 30-40, males
44
Who does tendonopathy affect?
non athlete, obese, over 40, steroids, DM
45
Symptoms of achilles tendinopathy
pain on exercise or after exercise | recurrent and difficulty fitting shoes
46
Diagnosis of achilles tendinopathy and the name of tests
clinical = Simmonds squeeze test and matles angle of dangle | USS/MRI
47
non op - achilles tendinopathy
activity/weight loss/shoes - slight heel/physio/ECST/immobilise
48
op - achilles tendinopathy
gastrocnemius recession | release and debridement of tendon
49
Describe fasciosis
chronic degenerative change with disorganised blood vessels, no inflammatory cells and fibroblast hypertrophy cannot make ECM needed for remodelling
50
Aetiology of plantar fasciitis
unknown/obese/athletes/standing/poorly padded shoes/foot and lower limb deformities/tight gastrosoleus
51
4 symptoms of plantar fasciitis
pain in morning or after rest pain at origin of plantar fascia 2 years + duration
52
differential diagnosis of plantar fasciitis
arthritis calcaneal pathology nerve entrapment syndrome
53
Diagnosis of plantar fasciitis
mainly clinical | x-rays, USS, MRI
54
9 treatments of plantar fasciitis
``` NSAIDS ice physiotherapy CCS injections orthoses - heel pads stretching rest night splinting weight loss ```
55
5 newer treatments for plantar fasciitis
``` extracorpeal shockwave therapy Nitric oxide endoscopic/open surgery platelet rich plasma topaz plasma coblation ```
56
aetiology of ankle arthritis
46 years, post trauma, idiopathic
57
Symptoms of ankle arthritis
pain and stiffness
58
diagnosis of ankle arthritis
clinical, radiographs and CT
59
non op - ankle arthritis
weight loss/activity/analgesia/physio/steroid injections
60
op - ankle arthritis
anterior symptoms - arthroscopic anterior debridement arthrodesis is the gold standard joint replacement
61
Clinical diagnosis of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
double and single heel raise
62
What Is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction a common cause of?
acquired flat feet
63
3 managements of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
orthotics - medial arch support reconstruct tendon triple fusion
64
Diagnosing posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
clinical or MRI
65
Why does diabetic foot ulcers occur?
peripheral neuropathy lack of patient education poor blood supply ANS dysfunction - less sweating - dry cracked skin
66
Treatment of diabetic foot ulcer
prevention | modify --> smoking, DM control, vascular supply, shoes, deformity, infection, nutrition
67
Surgery for diabetic foot ulcer
improve vascular supply amputate debride ulcers correct deformity
68
prognosis for diabetic foot ulcer statistics
15% diabetics develop 50% 5ys 85% diabetic amputations due to this 25% --> amputation
69
aetiology of charcot neuropathy
neuropathy causes diabetes syphilis
70
2 types of charcot foot
neurotraumatic - lack of proprioception and protective pain sensation neurovascular - abnormal ANS leads to increased blood supply and bone resorption
71
3 stages of charcots foot
fragmentation coalescence remodelling
72
diagnosing charcots foot
acute erythematous foot in DM and neuropathy more than 3 degrees difference in limbs non painful radiograph, MRI
73
Managing charcots foot
prevention immobilisation correct deformity before amputation

Year 3 MSK (JK) (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions