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Year 3 MSK (JK) > Ankle and foot anatomy and clinical > Flashcards

Ankle and foot anatomy and clinical Flashcards

1
Q

how many compartments does the leg have? name

A

3 - posterior, lateral and anterior

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2
Q

2 major arteries of leg

A

common fibular and tibial

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3
Q

common fibular branches

A

sup and deep fibular

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4
Q

What nerve does the tibila originate from?

A

sciatic nerve

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5
Q

what compartment of the leg does the tibial nerve supply and consequence of this

A

posterior - foot drop

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6
Q

What is the most frequently injured major joint in body?

A

ankle

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7
Q

describe ankle joint

A

uniaxial synovial hinge
dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
between distal tibia, fibula and upper talus

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8
Q

main function of ankle joint

A

critical in weight bearing and walking

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9
Q

2 surface landmarks of ankle joint

A

medial and lateral malleolus

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10
Q

What is the malleolar mortise?

A

socket which holds bone firmly with help of trochlea of talus and ligament

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11
Q

upper and lower tibiofibular joint types

A 
upper = synovial plane
lower = fibrous
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12
Q

most ankle injuries in which movement?

A

inversion and plantar flexion

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13
Q

when is malleolar grip tightest?

A

dorsiflexion

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14
Q

is the fibrous capsule thin or thick?

A

thin

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15
Q

What supports the fibrous capsule on both sides?

A

collateral ligaments

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16
Q

Strongest ankle ligament

A

medial

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17
Q

medial ligament describe

A

large and strong

3 slips - talus, calcaneus and navicular

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18
Q

when does medial ligament stabilise joint?

A

eversion

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19
Q

lateral ligament

A

3 slips and often injured

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20
Q

compartment responsible for dorsiflexion

A

anterior

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21
Q

4 dorsiflexor muscles

A

tibilais anterior
EDL
EHL
peroneus

22
Q

3 main plantarflexors

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
popliteus

23
Q

how many heads does gastrocnemius have?

A

2

24
Q

footballers ankle is repeated strain on…?

A

anterior capsule

25
Q

nerve compressed in tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

tibial deep to flexor retinacula

26
Q

what is pott fracture?

A

dislocation of ankle

27
Q

nerve and artery on sole of foot

A

medial and lateral plantar

28
Q

what layer of sole of foot contain interossei?

A

4

29
Q

interossei role in sole of foot

A

arch

30
Q

function of feet

A

support body in standing and progression

lever it forward in walking, running and jumping

31
Q

What joints do eversion and inversion occur?

A

subtalar and transverse tarsal

32
Q

invertor muscles

A

tibilalis anterior and posterior

33
Q

evertor muscles

A

fibularis longus and brevis

34
Q

function of arches of feet

A

shock absorbers
springboard during walking and running
flexible and deform with ground contact
distribute weight over foot

35
Q

Wat part of arch is higher and more important?

A

medial

36
Q

5 things which maintain arches of feet

A 
shape of bones 
plantar aponeurosis
long and short plantar ligaments
spring ligament = calcaneonavicular 
intrinsic muscles
37
Q

why are flat feet common in under 3’s?

A

subcut fat

38
Q

cause of acquired flatfeet

A

tibialis post dysfunction

39
Q

Accessory bones

A

troublesome and destabilised by injury - navicular

40
Q

tarsal coalitions

A

abnormal connection of tarsal bones - common

stiff hindfeet

41
Q

bones joined in tarsal coalitions

A

45% talocalcaneal
45% calcaneonavicular
10% other

42
Q

common cause of ankle arthritis

A

injury/post trauma

43
Q

ankle arthritis - under 50 and no trauma?

A

haemachromatosis

44
Q

how is achilles tendon formed?

A

gastroneumius and soleus

45
Q

cavus

A

high arch

46
Q

varus

A

hindfoot

47
Q

common causes of cavovarus foot

A

neurological, congential, post trauma

48
Q

5 questions you ask yourself with cavovarus feet

A 
progressive?
FH?
muscle pain or weak?
elevated CK?
altered sensation?
49
Q

pathogenesis of cavovarus foot - simple

A

weak intrinsic muscles leads to claw toes meaning shoe problems and calluses
plantarflexed MT
hindfoot varus - weak peroneus brevis
weak tibialis anterior alters gait

50
Q

describe coleman block test - what it finds

A

forefoot driven hindfoot varus or hindfoot driven varus

51
Q

describe how you would do coleman test

A

patient stands with 1st ray overhanging edge of block - if hindfoot varus corrects it is compensating for rigidly plantarflexed 1st MT

Year 3 MSK (JK) (30 decks)

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