Learning and Memory 2 Flashcards
What are the 2 types of long-term memory?
Declarative and non-declarative memory
What is declarative memory?
Knowledge with conscious access (a question you can answer explicitly)
What is non-declarative memory?
Knowledge with no conscious access (implicit)
What are the 2 types of declarative memory?
Episodic and Semantic memory
What is episodic memory?
Events we recall about our own lives
What is semantic memory?
Facts/world knowledge
What are the 3 types of non-declarative memory?
Procedural memory, perceptual priming, conditioned learning
What is procedural memory?
Motor/cognitive skills (riding a bike)
What is perceptual priming?
Faster responses to things previously seen
What is conditioned learning?
Learned associations/responses
What is the mirror-drawing task?
You have to draw a star while looking in a mirror.
What does the mirror drawing task show?
Showed procedural memory and that most people get better at the task without realizing it (H.M.)
What did the serial reaction time task show?
Showed implicit learning without explicit awareness
Demonstrates procedural memory
What is priming?
The change in the response to a stimulus or in the ability to identify a stimulus as the result of prior exposure to that stimulus?
What is perceptual priming?
Faster or more accurate response for previously seen words
What is classical conditioning?
Conditioned stimulus paired with unconditioned stimulus to eventually give a response on its own
What are the stages of memory?
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
What is encoding?
The processing of incoming information to be stored
What are the 2 steps involved in encoding?
Acquisition: registering sensory inputs
Consolidation: creating a stronger stored representation
What is storage?
Permanent record of the information
What is retrieval?
Utilizing stored information to recall conscious memory or execute learned behavior
What are the parallels between attention and memory?
What we perceive is not necessarily what we see AND what we remember is not necessarily what we saw
Why do false memories occur?
Failure in encoding (insufficient memory separation)
Failure in retrieval (low criteria for accepting a memory as true)
What are forgotten memories?
They are also failures of storage (decay or interference of representations)