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Cognitive Neuroscience > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

Is a person in a coma conscious?

A

They are not (minimal brain activity)

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2
Q

What is consciousness?

A

The having of perceptions, thoughts, and feelings; awareness

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3
Q

What are the 3 states of consciousness?

A

Vegetative State
Sleepwalking
Locked-In Syndrome

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4
Q

What does it mean when you’re awake and aware?

A

You are Fully Conscious

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5
Q

What does it mean when you’re not awake or aware?

A

You are Non-conscious

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6
Q

What does it mean when you are not awake but you are aware?

A

Locked-In Syndrome

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7
Q

What does it mean when you are awake but not aware?

A

If you have little movement you are in a Vegetative State
If you have full movement you are Sleepwalking

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8
Q

What is another name for Vegetative State?

A

Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS)

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9
Q

What happens in a vegetative state?

A

Individuals awaken from a coma but only show reflexive behavior (not conscious)

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10
Q

What is a minimally conscious state (MCS)?

A

In a vegetative state when actions become voluntary those in MCS show localization to pain and non reflex movement

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11
Q

What are the 2 other names for Sleepwalking?

A

Somnambulism and Parasomnia

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12
Q

What is sleepwalking?

A

A sleep disorder involving abnormal movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and dreams

Individuals lack conscious awareness/memory

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13
Q

When does sleepwalking occur?

A

After an abrupt, incomplete arousal from non-REM sleep (first 1/3 of sleep)

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14
Q

What parts of the brain are awake during sleepwalking?

A

Motor parts of the brain (cerebellum, posterior cingulate cortex, brain stem)

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15
Q

What parts of the brain are asleep (not active) during sleepwalking?

A

Parts of the brain handling attentional control, emotional regulation, memory (frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, cerebrum)

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16
Q

What is Locked-In Syndrome?

A

A condition in which an individual is unable to move any muscle but it fully conscious and has normal sleep-wake cycles

17
Q

Where is the lesion that causes locked-in syndrome?

A

Lesion to pons (in brainstem)

18
Q

How is locked-in syndrome diagnosed?

A

Using electrophysiology/neuroimaging - must show intentional, purposeful brain activity

19
Q

How is the brainstem involved in consciousness in the brain?

A

Projections from spinal cord + projections from brain = all information about state of the organism

20
Q

How is pons involved with consciousness in the brain?

A

Autonomic, sensory functions

21
Q

How is reticular formation involved in consciousness?

A

Wakefulness, circadian rhythms and sleep cycles

22
Q

How is the Thalamus involved in consciousness in the brain?

A

Core consciousness and sensory connection loops with cortex

23
Q

How is the Cerebral Cortex involved in consciousness in the brain?

A

Extended consciousness, not necessary for conscious experience

24
Q

What is conscious processing?

A

Can be accessed by the systems underlying verbal reports, rational thought, and deliberate decision making

25
Q

What is nonconscious processing?

A

Cannot be accessed, autonomic (gut-level) responses (Ex: subliminal and priming)

26
Q

What is subliminal perception (bias)?

A

We process the stimulus, but the information is inaccessible to awareness

27
Q

What is the method for subliminal percpetion?

A
  • A stimulus is presented below the threshold awareness or sensation
  • Positive: better impression
  • Negative: worse impression
28
Q

What is priming?

A

The change in the response to a stimulus or in the ability to identify a stimulus as the result of prior exposure to that stimulus

29
Q

What is one way to test animal consciousness?

A

Mirror self-recognition (MSR)

30
Q

What is the method to mirror-self recognition?

A
  • Sticker/paint is applied to an area the animal cannot normally see
  • They are put in front of a mirror
31
Q

What does it mean if the animal ignores the sticker/paint?

A

Would imply lack of self-awareness

32
Q

What does it mean if an animal starts to investigate the sticker/paint?

A

Would imply self-recognition and presence of a self-concept and self-awareness

33
Q

What is a problem with mirror-self recognition?

A

Assumes normal face recognition
- Prosopagnosics fail, even though they have a sense of self

Cognitive Neuroscience (15 decks)

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