Chapter 1 - History Flashcards
What is cognition?
Process of “knowing” (awareness, perception, reasoning)
What is neuroscience?
Science of nerves, neurons and the study of the nervous system
What is cognitive neruoscience?
How the brain enables the mind
What is dualism?
mind and body are separate
What is Phrenology?
measuring bumps on the skull to predict mental traits or analyzing the shape of the skull to describe personality - 35 areas of the brain
Results of Jean-Pierre Flourens
Removed parts of the bird brain and observed how it affected bird behavior. Sensation, perception and volition is one part of the brain not equally distributed through all of it
What is a localizationist?
Those who believe that different areas of the brain (locations) are associated with different behaviors and mental processes (functions)
What is an anti-localizationist?
Those who believe Aggregate field theory = whole brain participates in behavior
What did the Frisch and Hitzig experiments do?
They provided electrical stimulation to different parts of dog brain which produced distinct movements. Confirms localization theory
What is the neuron doctrine?
Nervous system is made up of individual cells
Neuron can be studied to understand how the mind works
Importance of Brodmann and cytoarchitecture
Mapped out brain and found that sometimes different areas correspond with different functions (doesn’t always directly correspond)
Basics about Phineas Gage and HM
Spike went through part of his frontal lobe and caused significant damage and resulted in a change in personality. HM - associated with memory if you lose 1 no impairment but when you lose 2 loss of memory.
Didn’t lose the ability to do other functions/general IQ just lost that particular function.
