Last minute stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four enzymes that set gluconeogenesis apart from glycolysis

A

pyruvate carboxylase, PEPCK, Fructose-1,6-BPase, and glucose 6 phosphatase

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2
Q

what catalyzes the reactions alanine –> pyruvate and aspartate –> OAA

A

transaminases

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3
Q

in gluconeogenesis, where is OAA created

A

the mitochondria

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4
Q

How does acetyl CoA affect gluconeogenesis

A

it promotes it

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5
Q

what is the cori cycle

A

it is how the liver uptakes lactate and alanine from other organs and converts them to glucose before returning them to the original organs

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6
Q

what is the cahill cycle

A

how the liver uptakes alanine from muscle and converts it to glucose before returning it

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7
Q

what two ways can the liver produce glucose

A

glucneogenesis and glycogen breakdown

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8
Q

where is glycogen phosphorylase b found and what GSD involves a defect here

A

muscle, GSD V McArdles

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9
Q

Where is glycogen phosphorylase a found and what GSD involves a defect here

A

liver, GSD VI Hers

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10
Q

What is type II GSD a defect in

A

alpha 1-4 glucosidase

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11
Q

What is type III GSD a defect in

A

Debranching enzyme, Cori, short branches

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12
Q

What is type IV GSD a defect in

A

debranching enzyme, Andersen’s long outer branches

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13
Q

transaldolases transfer

A

3C

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14
Q

Transketolase transfer

A

2C using thiamine

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15
Q

What kind of reactions does NADP carry out

A

oxidation

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16
Q

What kind of reactions does NAD carry out

A

reduction

17
Q

What kind of reactions does NADH carry out

A

oxidation

18
Q

What kind of reactions does NADPH carry out

A

reduction

19
Q

Normally in cells, is there more NADPH or NADP

A

NADPH

20
Q

Normally in cells, is there more NAD or NADH

A

NAD

21
Q

What does NADPH build up promote

A

fat synthesis (so does NADH production)

22
Q

In what patients will the NAD:NADH ratio be opposite to the norm

A

alcooholics have higher NADH than NAD

23
Q

What does aldolase A do

A

break Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldhyde 3 P and DHAP

24
Q

What does aldolase B do

A

breaks fructose 1p to glyceraldehyde and DHAP

25
Q

What is lactose broken down to in the gut of lactose intolerant people

A

lactice acid and fatty acids

26
Q

what is Burkitt’s lymphoma the result of

A

translocation of the myc gene

27
Q

biotin is a coenzyme for

A

pyruvate carboxylase