Enzyme control Flashcards
What does ALT presence in the blood indicate
liver damage
what converts fibrinogen to fibrin
thrombin
How does prothrombin associate with the plasma membrane
Its 2 modified gamma carboxy glutamate binds Ca2+
What carboxylates prothrombin’s glutamate residues
vitamin k
What vitamin K analog negates its effects
warfarin, thins blood
What class of enzyme is thrombin
serine protease (hyper catalytic Ser 195)
What does phosphorylation do to individual AA residues in enzymes
changes their charges
What conformational change occurs in the cleavage of prethrombin to thrombin
isoleucine moves to the catalytic spot
what kind of bond does antithrombin exhibit when it binds thrombin
covalent (common in zymogens)
what is the overall result of antithrombin binding
decreased blood coagulation
what does heparin do
increases antithrombin’s affinity for thrombin
Where is alpha-1 antitrypsin expressed and what is its function
It inhibits elastase activity in the lung
how does smoking damage the lungs
It oxidizes alpha-1 antitrypsin so that it no longer binds elastase
which AAs may be phosphorylated
Serine, threonine, and tyrosine (reversible process)
What are 2 rapid ways of activating enymes
zymogen cleaving and phosphorylation
