LARGE ANIMALS THORACIC LIMB- myology of the elbow joint

Question 1

מהם השרירים שנשארים זהים במפרסי פרסה לאלו של הכלבים

Answer 1

M.brachialis
M.anconeus
M.tensor fasciae antebrachii

Question 2

M.brachialis מה ההבדל בשריר ה

בין כלבים ומפרסי פרסה?

Answer 2

אין הבדל בין השרירים בכלב ובבע”ח מפרסי פרסה
origin:
Caudo-lateral surface of proximal humerus, distal to origin of M triceps accessory head & Caudo-distal to the tuberositas teres minor.
insertion:
The main tendon passes between the two tendons of the biceps and inserts medially on the ulna (immediately distal to the biceps’ ulna insertion). The M. brachialis also has a fleshy insertion, which joins the biceps’ weaker tendon to the Tuberositas radii.
**Medially on ulna (deep to tendons of biceps & elbow’s medialcollateral lig. )
Function: Elbow J. – flexion

דר רשמה:
שריר מצוי לאורך sulcus M. brachialis.
מקור השרירי במישור קאודלי-לטראלי בחלק הפרוקסימלי של ההומרוס, והוא מתחבר לאולנה מדיאלית ובנוסף,
ישנו חיבור של מקטע מסוים ב- tuborositas radii.
השריר מכוסה ברובו ע”י הtriceps
On cranio-distal humeral surface, separated from M biceps by insertion of Mm pectoral superficial & M cleidobrachialis
Receives innervation distally, proximal to narrowing for insertion tendon

Question 3

M.anconeus מה ההבדל בשריר ה

בין כלבים ומפרסי פרסה?

Answer 3

אין הבדל בין השרירים בכלב ובבע”ח מפרסי פרסה

בכלבים:
Origin: Lateral epicondyle and supracondylar crest, and the proximo-medial rim of the Fossa olecrani
Insertion: Laterally on the Olecranon, just distal to the insertion of the triceps.
Function: Extension of the elbow joint; tensing of the elbow joint capsule
תיאור:
This well-developed muscle covers the Fossa olecrani and can be seen along the ventral margin of the triceps’ lateral head. The muscle lies on the elbow joint capsule.

Question 4

M.tensor fasciae antebrachii מה ההבדל בשריר ה

בין כלבים ומפרסי פרסה?

Answer 4

אין הבדל בין השרירים בכלב ובבע”ח מפרסי פרסה

בכלבים:
Origin: Epimysium of the lateral aspect of the M.latissimus dorsi.
Insertion: Olecranon (together with the triceps) ;
the antebrachial fascia.
Function: Tensing of the antebrachial fascia; extension of the elbow joint.
תיאור:
This is a thin, flat muscle. The proximal portion of the muscle lies lateral to the distal part of the M. latissimus dorsi, while its distal portion lies on the medial surface of the triceps (long head).

Question 5

M.biceps brachii מה ההבדל בשריר ה
בין כלבים ומפרסי פרסה?
חלק א- תיאור כללי ומקור

Answer 5

,תיאור כללי דומה בכולם:
This very strong, spindle-shaped muscle lies deep to the M. cleidobrachialis on the cranio-medial surface of the humerus. Although its name suggests that it has two heads, it has only one in all the domestic species.

origin:
Tub. supraglenoidale of the scapula. The long tendon of origin runs in the Sulcus intertubercularis of the humerus where it is surrounded by the sheath like Bursa intertubercularis; the bursa is an extension of the shoulder joint capsule. The tendon is held in the sulcus by the so-called transverse humeral ligament, which passes between the major and minor tubercules. The biceps is also held in position by the deep pectoral muscle’s insertion on the Tub. majus
בסוסים ופרסתניים:
Tendon of origin =cartilaginous (the result of the great tension to which it is exposed).
Horse: the tendon is moulded to accommodate the Tub. intermedium.
All species: a large synovial bursa, B. intertubercularis, lies beneath the tendon in the Sulcus intertubercularis

Question 6

M.triceps brachii מה ההבדל בשריר ה

בין כלבים ומפרסי פרסה?

Answer 6

ההבדל הוא בחלוקה
חלוקה: בסוסים (ומעלי גירה) השריר מתחלק ל
-long, lateral & medial heads.
כלומר בסוסים ומעלי גירה
No Accessory Head
חלוקה: בכבשים (בלבד) ישנו גם
accessory head הקשור ל- medial head.

בכלבים:
Origin: Long head: Tub. infraglenoidale and the caudal margin of the scapula.
Lateral head: Linea m. tricipitis of the humerus.
Medial head: Crista tuberculi minoris of the humerus, caudal to the Tuberositas
teres major and cranial to the insertion of the M. coracobrachialis.
Accessory head: Caudal surface of the humeral neck.
Insertion: Olecranon.
Function: Extension of the elbow joint; the long head is a powerful flexor of the shoulder.
תיאור:
its the most powerful muscle in the thoracic limb.
Fills triangular space between scapula, humerus and olecranon
Caudal edge forms Margo tricipitalis.
A synovial bursa, the Bursa subtendinea m. tricipitis brachii, lies between the tendon of insertion and the olecranon.
An acquired subcutaneous bursa, the B. subcutanea olecrani, often lies between the tendon and the skin on the point of the elbow.

Question 7

M.biceps brachii מה ההבדל בשריר ה
בין כלבים ומפרסי פרסה?
חלק ב- ההכנסה והתפקיד

Answer 7

insertion:
dog:
At the elbow, the tendon of insertion divides into two parts. The stronger part inserts medially on the ulna, just distal to the medial coronoid process. The weaker part inserts on the Tuberositas radii, together with a fleshy insertion of the brachialis muscle.
.Horse:
the muscle is very fibrous. From the tendon of origin, a strong tendinous intersection can be followed distally, through the muscle belly. At the elbow joint, this
tendinous band divides into two parts. The short part forms the biceps’ main insertion on the Tuberositas radii. The longer part, known as the Lacertus fibrosus, is continued onto the deep fascia covering the M. extensor carpi radialis. The biceps thus has an indirect insertion on McIII, via the insertion of the M. extensor carpi radialis.

function:
dog:
Flexion of the elbow joint; extension and stabilization of the shoulder joint.
horse:
In the normal standing position, the Lacertus fibrosus (combined with the tension and friction exerted on the biceps’ tendon of origin) forms an efficient mechanical
system that, without any muscular effort, prevents flexion of the shoulder joint.
**The Lacertus fibrosus is poorly developed in the bovine, but well-developed in the sheep.