Language Methods Phonology, Phonetics and Prosodics. Flashcards
Define Phonology.
The are of study that refers to the more abstract sound system.
Define Phonetics.
The area of study that is concerned with investigating how sounds are actually produced by language users.
Define Prosodics.
The study of how speakers can shape meanings through emphasising certain aspects of intonation, speed and volume.
Define the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
A system for showing the different sounds possible.
Define Heterophones,
Words that have the same spelling but very different punctuations and meanings.
Define Homophones.
Words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings and may have different spellings.
E.g. there and their.
Outline the relationship between phonetics and phonology.
Both refers to areas of language study that focus on sound.
Outline the differences between phonetics and phonology.
Phonology is the study that refers to abstracts sound systems, while phonetics is concerned with investigating how sounds are actually produced by language users.
Define a phoneme.
Any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified units of sound in a specified language that distinguishes one word from another.
For example, ‘p’, ‘b’, ‘d’ and ‘t’ in the English words ‘pad’, ‘pat’, ‘bad’ and ‘bat’.
Describe a plosive sound.
Produced by the obstruction of air stream from the lungs followed b a release of the air stream.
E.g. ‘p’, ‘b’, ‘t’, ‘d’, ‘k’, ‘g’.
Describe a nasal sound.
Produced by the release of air through the nasal cavity, such as ‘m,’n’.
Define a Fricative sound.
Produced by the release of a ‘friction like noise’ created by the air stream escaping through a variant of narrow gaps in the mouth such as
‘f’,’v’,’s’,’z’,’h’.
Define lateral approximant.
Produced by the obstruction of the air stream along the centre of the oral track, with incomplete closure between both sides of the tongue and the roof of the mouth such as ‘i’.
Define approximant.
Produced by proximity (closeness) of two articulators without turbulence (hard movement and frictionlike noise) such as ‘w’, ‘r’ or ‘j’.
Define an affricate.
Produced by involving more than one of those manners of articulation. Firstly, produce the sounds of the alveolar ridge, then followed by or combined with fricative sounds.
