English In The 21st Century.

Question 1

Outline the John Alego’s classification of word formation theory:

Answer 1

Words can be:
Borrowed.
Shifted. 
Shortened. 
Composite.
Blends.

Question 2

Outline the different types of functional shifts (meaning shifts):

Answer 2

Amelioration.
Peroration.
Widening.
Narrowing.

Question 3

Define amelioration.

Answer 3

When negative words take on a positive meaning.

Question 4

Define pejoration.

Answer 4

When positive words take on a negative meaning.

Question 5

Define widening.

Answer 5

When a word broadens to include more.

Question 6

Define narrowing.

Answer 6

When a words meaning narrows to include fewer objects.

Question 7

Outline the types of shortenings.

Answer 7

Clippings.
Initialisms.
Acronyms.

Question 8

Define a clipping.

Answer 8

When a word is clipped down to a shorter form e.g. ‘television’ to ‘telly’.

Question 9

Define an Initialism.

Answer 9

Takes the first letter of each word in a phrase but then sounds them out as each letter in the sequence e.g. BBC

Question 10

Define an acronym.

Answer 10

Takes the first letter of each word in a phrase to make a new word e.g. Scuba or AFOREST.

Question 11

Outline the types of composites.

Answer 11

Compounding.

Affixation.

Question 12

Define a compound.

Answer 12

Combining two words e.g. pen and drive = pendrive.

Question 13

Define affixation

Answer 13

The use of prefixes and suffixes e.g. sympathetic - unsympathetic.

Question 14

Define a blend.

Answer 14

Taking parts of two words and combining them together e.g. brunch.