Language Methods Grammar. Flashcards
What is the linguistic rank scale?
morpheme < word < phrase < clause < sentence < text.
Define a morpheme.
A meaningful morphological unit of language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing).
Define a noun phrase.
A group of words built around a noun.
Define a verb phrase.
A group of words built around a head (main) verb.
Define a head word,
The main noun in the phrase.
Define a pre-modifier.
A word that goes before the head noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it.
Define a qualifier.
An additional word or phrase that adds some further detail to the noun.
Define a post-modifier.
A word that comes after the head noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it.
Define a pre modifier.
A word that comes before the head noun to add some detail or clarify some aspect of it.
Describe a primary auxiliary verb.
an auxiliary verb that joins with a main verb to show tense e.g. be, do or have.
Define a modal auxiliary verb.
An auxiliary verb that joins with a main verb to show the degree of commitment towards an event or person that a speaker holds.
Define modality.
About a speakers or a writers attitude towards the world. A speaker or writer can express certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, and ability by using modal words and expressions. Speakers often have different opinions about the same thing.
Define deontic modality.
Expressions that highlight a sense of obligation or necessity. E.g. you must, it is necessary.
Define boulomaic modality.
Expressions that highlight desire.
E.g. I hope or Hopefully.
Define epistemic modality.
Expressions that highlight degrees of belief, certainty or perception.
E.g. I think, I guess or might..
Define a clause.
Groups of words centred around a verb phrase. Can either stand on their own (main clause) or give more detail about the subject of the main clause (relative of subordinate).
Define a relative clause.
Begin with a relative pronoun or a relative adverb.
E.g. who, which, whose, whom, that or where.
Outline the subordinate clause acronym.
I SAW A WABUB Is an acronym to help you remember the first letters of some of the most important subordinating conjunctions. If Since As When Although While After Before Until Because
Define an adverbial clause
A subordinating clause that functions as an adverbial.
Define a fronted adverbial.
Words or phrases at the beginning of the sentence to describe the action that follows and changes the rest of the text.
e.g. after a while or before long.
Define a passive voice.
The action enforces the subject.
e.g. the letters are delivered.
Define an active voice.
The subject enforces the action.
e.g. She delivers the letters.
Define a compound sentance.
Two or more simple sentences joined by a coordinator and joined by punctuation.
e.g. she smiled, and she laughed.
Define a simple sentence.
Subject + verb + (compliment).
Define a complex sentence.
An independent idea and a dependant idea in one sentence.
E.g. She smiles when she is happy.
Define a declarative sentence.
A statement.
Define a interrogative sentence.
A question.
Define an exclamatory sentence
An exclemation.
Define an imperative sentence,
A command.
