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Pharma 🟣 > β-lactam antibiotics > Flashcards

β-lactam antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the drug of Natural penicillins is not given orally ?

A

1- Benzyl penicillin (Penicillin-G)
2- Procaine penicillin
3- Benzathine penicillin (long acting)

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2
Q

What is the drug of Natural penicillins is Acid-resistant (given orally) ?

A

Phenoxymethyl penicillin

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3
Q

What is the uses of Benzathine penicillin ( Penicillin G ) ?

A 
1- rheumatic fever
2- syphilis
3- Benzathine penicillin
4- neurosyphilis
5- gas gangrene
6- leptospirosis
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4
Q

Ampicillin is drug of choice for ?

A

1- listeria meningitis

2- urinary tract infection caused by E. faecalis

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5
Q

Ampicillin should be given on ?

A

empty stomach

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6
Q

Nafcillin is excreted mainly in ?

A

bile

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7
Q

Nausea and diarrhea may be caused by oral drugs like L

A

amoxicillin and ampicillin

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8
Q

What is the drug that causes more suppression of

normal microbial flora ?

A

ampicillin

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9
Q

Procaine penicillin in high doses can result in ?

A

seizures

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10
Q

Methicillin is the most common antibiotic implicated in causing interstitial ?

A

nephritis

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11
Q

Oxacillin can cause ?

A

hepatitis

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12
Q

nafcillin is involved in causing ?

A

neutropenia

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13
Q

Augmentin is composed of ?

A

Clavulanic acid + amoxicillin

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14
Q

Give example of drug in the first generation ?

A

1- cephazoline الزول
2- cephalothin غسل لثته
3- cephalexin بالسيفاليكسين

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15
Q

Cefazolin is used in ?

A

surgical prophylaxis

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16
Q

What is the uses of drug in the first generation ?

A

treatment of skin and soft tissue infections

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17
Q

What is the drug of second generation ?

A

1- cefuroxime روكسيم
2- cefoxitin و اكستين
3- cefaclor غسلوا ملابسهم بالكلور
4- cefotetan من الديدان

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18
Q

Second generation Do not pass BBB except ?

A

cefuroxime

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19
Q

Whatbis the uses of second generation ?

A

1- Respiratory tract infection

2- Urinary tract infections

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20
Q

Wjat is the uses of first generation of cephalosporin ?

A

treatment of skin and soft tissue infections

21
Q

Cefazolin is used for ?

A

surgical prophylaxis

22
Q

second generation of cephalosporin Do not pass BBB except ?

A

cefuroxime

23
Q

What is the most active cephalosporins against penicillin-resistant pneumococci ?

A

Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone

24
Q

What is the drugs in the first generation?

A

1- cefazolin
2- cephalothin
3- cephalexin

25
Q

First generation is ?

A

1- Broad spectrum.

2- Not effective in meningitis (Do not pass BBB)

26
Q

First generation is used in treatment of ?

A

skin and soft tissue infections

27
Q

What is the drug is used in surgical prophylaxis ?

A

Cefazolin

28
Q

What is the drugs in the second generation ?

A

1- cefoxitin
2- cefuroxim
3- cefaclor
4- cefotetan

29
Q

The drugs in the second generation is not pass BBB except ?

A

cefuroxime

30
Q

What is the uses of second generation ?

A

1- Respiratory tract infection

2- Urinary tract infections

31
Q

What is the drugs in the third generation ?

A

1- ceftazidime
2- cefotaxime
3- ceftriaxone
4- cefoperazon

32
Q

What is the drug of third generation that has Long duration and used once daily ?

A

Ceftriaxone

33
Q

What is the uses of the drugs in third generation ?

A

1- typhoid

2- bacterial meningitis

34
Q

What is the most active cephalosporins

against penicillin-resistant pneumococci ?

A

Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone

35
Q

Ceftazidime can ?

A

pass BBB

36
Q

What isnthe drugs is the treatment

of choice of pseudomonas infections ?

A

Ceftazidime + aminoglycoside

37
Q

What is the drugs in the fourth generation ?

A

1- cefepime

2- cefpirome

38
Q

What is the drug in the fifth generation?

A

Ceftobiprole

39
Q

What is the adverse effect of cephalosporin ?

A

1- Irritation
2- Nephrotoxicity
3- Thrombocytopenia
4- Disulfiram like action

40
Q

Ceftriaxone and cefoperazone (3rd gen.) are secreted in the ?

A

bile

41
Q

What is the drug of Monobactams ?

A

Azteronam

42
Q

What is the drugs of Carbapenems ?

A

Imipenem, Meropenem

43
Q

Imipenem is compounded with cilastatin to protect it from ?

A

metabolism by renal dehydropeptidase.

44
Q

What is the pk of vancomycin?

A

1- poorly absorbed from the intestinal tract
2- treatment of C.difficile
3- ( 1 hour intravenous infusion)
4- cerebrospinal fliud

45
Q

What isnthe adverse effects of Vancomycin ?

A

1- Ototoxic
2- Nephrotoxic
3- Red man syndrome (most common).

46
Q

Red man syndrome is the adverse effects of ?

A

Vancomycin

47
Q

Bacetracin is Used in ?

A

Staph aureus skin infections (Topical)

48
Q

Cycloserine is Used in ?

A

T.B.(second line)

49
Q

Fosfomycin is used in ?

A

treatment of urinary tract infection(safe in pregnancy)

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