β-lactam antibiotics Flashcards by Reema Almutairi

What is the drug of Natural penicillins is not given orally ?

1- Benzyl penicillin (Penicillin-G)
2- Procaine penicillin
3- Benzathine penicillin (long acting)

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What is the drug of Natural penicillins is Acid-resistant (given orally) ?

Phenoxymethyl penicillin

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What is the uses of Benzathine penicillin ( Penicillin G ) ?

1- rheumatic fever
2- syphilis
3- Benzathine penicillin
4- neurosyphilis
5- gas gangrene
6- leptospirosis

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Ampicillin is drug of choice for ?

1- listeria meningitis

2- urinary tract infection caused by E. faecalis

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Ampicillin should be given on ?

empty stomach

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Nafcillin is excreted mainly in ?

bile

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Nausea and diarrhea may be caused by oral drugs like L

amoxicillin and ampicillin

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What is the drug that causes more suppression of

normal microbial flora ?

ampicillin

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Procaine penicillin in high doses can result in ?

seizures

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Methicillin is the most common antibiotic implicated in causing interstitial ?

nephritis

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Oxacillin can cause ?

hepatitis

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nafcillin is involved in causing ?

neutropenia

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Augmentin is composed of ?

Clavulanic acid + amoxicillin

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Give example of drug in the first generation ?

1- cephazoline الزول
2- cephalothin غسل لثته
3- cephalexin بالسيفاليكسين

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Cefazolin is used in ?

surgical prophylaxis

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What is the uses of drug in the first generation ?

treatment of skin and soft tissue infections

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What is the drug of second generation ?

1- cefuroxime روكسيم
2- cefoxitin و اكستين
3- cefaclor غسلوا ملابسهم بالكلور
4- cefotetan من الديدان

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Second generation Do not pass BBB except ?

cefuroxime

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Whatbis the uses of second generation ?

1- Respiratory tract infection

2- Urinary tract infections

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Wjat is the uses of first generation of cephalosporin ?

treatment of skin and soft tissue infections

Cefazolin is used for ?

surgical prophylaxis

second generation of cephalosporin Do not pass BBB except ?

cefuroxime

What is the most active cephalosporins against penicillin-resistant pneumococci ?

Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone

What is the drugs in the first generation?

1- cefazolin
2- cephalothin
3- cephalexin

First generation is ?

1- Broad spectrum. | 2- Not effective in meningitis (Do not pass BBB)

First generation is used in treatment of ?

skin and soft tissue infections

What is the drug is used in surgical prophylaxis ?

Cefazolin

What is the drugs in the second generation ?

1- cefoxitin 2- cefuroxim 3- cefaclor 4- cefotetan

The drugs in the second generation is not pass BBB except ?

cefuroxime

What is the uses of second generation ?

1- Respiratory tract infection | 2- Urinary tract infections

What is the drugs in the third generation ?

1- ceftazidime 2- cefotaxime 3- ceftriaxone 4- cefoperazon

What is the drug of third generation that has Long duration and used once daily ?

Ceftriaxone

What is the uses of the drugs in third generation ?

1- typhoid | 2- bacterial meningitis

What is the most active cephalosporins | against penicillin-resistant pneumococci ?

Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone

Ceftazidime can ?

pass BBB

What isnthe drugs is the treatment | of choice of pseudomonas infections ?

Ceftazidime + aminoglycoside

What is the drugs in the fourth generation ?

1- cefepime | 2- cefpirome

What is the drug in the fifth generation?

Ceftobiprole

What is the adverse effect of cephalosporin ?

1- Irritation 2- Nephrotoxicity 3- Thrombocytopenia 4- Disulfiram like action

Ceftriaxone and cefoperazone (3rd gen.) are secreted in the ?

bile

What is the drug of Monobactams ?

Azteronam

What is the drugs of Carbapenems ?

Imipenem, Meropenem

Imipenem is compounded with cilastatin to protect it from ?

metabolism by renal dehydropeptidase.

What is the pk of vancomycin?

1- poorly absorbed from the intestinal tract 2- treatment of C.difficile 3- ( 1 hour intravenous infusion) 4- cerebrospinal fliud

What isnthe adverse effects of Vancomycin ?

1- Ototoxic 2- Nephrotoxic 3- Red man syndrome (most common).

Red man syndrome is the adverse effects of ?

Vancomycin

Bacetracin is Used in ?

Staph aureus skin infections (Topical)

Cycloserine is Used in ?

T.B.(second line)

Fosfomycin is used in ?

treatment of urinary tract infection(safe in pregnancy)