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Cma Exam > Laboratory Procedures Review > Flashcards

Laboratory Procedures Review Flashcards

1
Q

anticoagulant

A

substance that prevents blood from clotting

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2
Q

biopsy

A

removing tissue from patients for microscopic examination to determine the presence of cancer or other abnormalities; may be done surgically or with endoscopes, biopsy punches, or other instruments

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3
Q

calibration

A

a measurement compared with a standard; a method for testing the accuracy of equipment; a quality assurance procedure

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4
Q

capillary puncture

A

dermal puncture of finger, earlobe, or heel in infants to obtain a blood specimen

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5
Q

centrifuge

A

laboratory instrument that spins at high speeds, separating particles in specimens such as blood and urine

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6
Q

clinical chemistry

A

analysis to identify and to measure chemical components in blood, urine, spinal fluid, tissue, and other body fluids

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7
Q

complete blood count (CBC)

A

panel of blood tests that includes hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, and differential white blood cells (diff)

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8
Q

control

A

a specimen with known values that serves as a check of test accuracy

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9
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

protein in the body that rises when inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are present

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10
Q

crossmatching

A

laboratory testing process to determine compatibility of blood donated by one person with the blood of a potential recipient

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11
Q

culture

A

the process of growing pathogens from specimens inoculated into a culture medium and maintained at a designated temperature; the purpose is to identify the microorganisms contained in the specimen

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12
Q

cytology

A

analysis of cells to determine abnormalities

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13
Q

evacuated tube (ET)

A

a tube, sealed to maintain the vacuum, that is used for obtaining blood specimens; it may have additives, depending on the type of blood specimen to be obtained

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14
Q

fasting sample

A

blood collected after the patient has not eaten or drank (except water) for 6 to 8 hours

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15
Q

fibrinogen

A

a protein in blood plasma that assists clotting

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16
Q

hematocrit

A

percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume

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17
Q

hematology

A

study of blood and blood-forming tissue; analysis of blood to determine abnormalities

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18
Q

hemoglobin

A

oxygen-carrying portion of red blood cells

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19
Q

hemoglobin A1C

A

blood test to help diagnose type 1 and type 2 diabetes and to measure the average blood glucose over a 2- to 3- month period

20
Q

histology

A

microscopic study of cells, tissues, and organs in association with their functions

21
Q

human chronic gonadotropin (HCG)

A

hormone present in blood and urine during pregnancy; urine or blood tests are used to determine pregnancy by the presence of HCG

22
Q

immunohematology

A

specialized immunology dealing with blood, the presence of antibodies/antigens and pathology

23
Q

immunology

A

study of immunity, sensitivity, and induced sensitivity; the presence of antibodies/antigens and pathology

24
Q

incubation

A

maintaining a controlled environment to promote growth of microbial or tissue cultures

25
Q

international normalizing ratio (INR)

A

ratio derived from the prothrombin time to help determine blood clotting; often reported as PT/INR

26
Q

lancet

A

a sharp, sterile, disposable instrument used to puncture skin for collecting capillary blood

27
Q

microbiology

A

study of microorganisms; in the laboratory, this division usually determines the presence and the identity of microorganisms found in specimens; examples include tests for tuberculosis, meningitis, and diphtheria

28
Q

microscope (scope)

A

an instrument used magnify very small objects usually not visible to the naked eye

29
Q

Mohs procedure or surgery

A

removal of skin tissue which is then prepared and examined while the patient waits to determine the presence of basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma and, if present, the amount of tissue to remove for cancer-free edges

30
Q

Papanicolaou (Pap) Smear

A

to detect cervical cancer

31
Q

parasitology

A

study of human parasites and ova (eggs)

32
Q

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

A

blood test to determine abnormal clotting or to monitor anticoagulation medication

33
Q

phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

a disease resulting in mental retardation caused by a deficiency in the metabolic process; tested for by using a capillary specimen from an infant’s heel, a test required by law in the US

34
Q

phlebotomy

A

incision or needle puncture into a vein to draw blood

35
Q

plasma

A

relatively clear yellow liquid portion of blood; composes 55% of whole blood; upper layer in specimen tube

36
Q

plating

A

process of inoculating agar with a specimen swab and sometimes a sterile inoculating loop

37
Q

point-of-care testing (POCT)

A

laboratory testing performed at the location where the patient is receiving their health care (usually the medical office) using small, rapid instruments and methods; these tests are Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) waived

38
Q

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

A

laboratory test to identify DNA presence of a pathogen

39
Q

prothrombin time (PT)

A

blood test to determine abnormal clotting or to monitor anticoagulation medication

40
Q

qualitive analysis

A

the identification of a type of pathogen by its appearance in the specimen

41
Q

quantitative analysis

A

the method used to determine the number of bacteria present in a specimen

42
Q

reagent

A

a substance that, when added to a solution of another substance, participates in a chemical reaction; it may be used to identify or to quantify the presence of another substance

43
Q

sensitivity

A

testing to determine a pathogen’s susceptibility to specific antibiotics

44
Q

serum

A

liquid portion of the blood that remains after clotting factors are removed

45
Q

universal donor

A

a person who has O-negative blood, which is theoretically able o be transfused into a person with another blood type in an emergency situation

46
Q

urinalysis

A

the physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine

47
Q

urinometer

A

a sealed glass float placed in approximately 15mL of urine and that measures specific gravity

Cma Exam (19 decks)

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