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BIO 286 - Microbiology > Lab Quiz 9: Gram Positive Cocci Biochemistry, Microbial Symbioses, and Wastewater Treatment (Bio 286 - Microbiology) > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 9: Gram Positive Cocci Biochemistry, Microbial Symbioses, and Wastewater Treatment (Bio 286 - Microbiology) Flashcards

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1
Q

mannitol salt agar

A

selective and differential media; contains 6.5% NaCl, phenol red dye, and mannitol…. microbes that are able to grow may ferment mannitol or not (if they do, the acids they produce turn the indicator dyes in the media yellow)

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2
Q

mannitol salt agar (MSA) growth positive result

A

GROWTH

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3
Q

mannitol salt agar (MSA) growth negative result

A

no growth

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4
Q

mannitol salt agar (MSA) fermentation negative result

A

red

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5
Q

mannitol salt agar (MSA) fermentation positive result

A

YELLOW

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6
Q

catalase

A

enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas– when H2O2 is placed on the microbes, the production of bubbles indicates a positive reaction

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7
Q

catalase (H2O2) negative result

A

no bubbles

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8
Q

catalase (H2O2) positive result

A

BUBBLES

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9
Q

EF broth

A

media containing a fermentable sugar (glucose) and an acid indicator (bromcresol purple)– glucose fermentation results in acid end products, which cause the media to turn yellow… the media also contains a metabolic poison sodium azide, allowing only azide-resistant microbes to grow

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10
Q

EF broth negative result

A

purple

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11
Q

EF broth positive result

A

YELLOW

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12
Q

NaCl broth

A

contains 6.5% NaCl, allowing only halotolerant microbes to grow and turn the media cloudy

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13
Q

NaCl broth negative result

A

clear

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14
Q

NaCl broth positive result

A

CLOUDY

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15
Q

bile esculin slant

A

media used to detect the metabolism of a compound called esculin– if it is converted to esculetin, it will react with iron in the media and turn completely black… bile acids in this media inhibit the growth of most gram positive organisms

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16
Q

bile esculin (BE) slant negative result

A

tan

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17
Q

bile esculin (BE) slant positive result

A

BLACK

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18
Q

bile esculin (BE) slant positive result

A

BLACK

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19
Q

DNase

A

breaks down DNA to nucleotides by adding HCl to the DNA plate after microbes have been cultured– the low pH causes DNA to precipitate within the media, turning the late cloudy. any areas where DNA has hydrolyzed will not precipitate, leaving clear areas around growth of positive cultures

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20
Q

DNase (HCl) negative result

A

no clearing

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21
Q

DNase (HCl) positive result

A

CLEARING

22
Q

sheep blood agar

A

some bacteria break down blood cells using toxins called hemolysins… resulting in three patterns of hemolysis clearings- alpha, beta, and gamma… additionally, bacitracin and optochin are antibiotics used to determine susceptibility

23
Q

alpha hemolysis

A

partial breakdown of red blood cells– resulting in smoky green color (no longer red but no clearing)

24
Q

beta hemolysis

A

complete breakdown of red blood cells, resulting in complete clearing– can read text through the plates

25
Q

gamma hemolysis

A

no clearing, the plates have growth on them but are just as red

26
Q

hemolysis results

A

alpha (A), beta (B), or gamma (G)

27
Q

bacitracin

A

an inhibitor of peptidoglycan biosynthesis that group A streptococci are particularly susceptible to

28
Q

bacitracin negative result

A

no zone (R)

29
Q

bacitracin positive result

A

ZONE (S)

30
Q

optochin

A

a copper containing compound that pneumococci are particularly susceptible to

31
Q

optochin negative result

A

no zone (R)

32
Q

optochin positive result

A

ZONE (S)

33
Q

competition

A

a contest between organisms for territory, a niche, or resources; neither organism fully thrives as both are somewhat harmed; example: soil bacteria for carbon sources

34
Q

cooperation

A

process of groups of microbes working or acting together for their common/mutual benefit; both organisms can benefit from this interaction; example: quorum sensing

35
Q

predation

A

interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked); predator benefits but the prey does not; example: Paramecium consuming bacteria

36
Q

mutualism

A

relationship between two organisms in which individual benefits from the activity of the other; example: lichen, ruminants, and alfalfa

37
Q

commensalism

A

class of relationships between two organisms where one organism benefits without affecting the other; example: many members of the human microbiota that benefit from humans but the humans do not benefit

38
Q

amensalism

A

an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the actor; example: antibiotic production by a fungus

39
Q

parasitism

A

interaction where one species (the parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (the host); example: bacteriophage T4 (and all viruses in general)

40
Q

three main functions of the wastewater plant

A
  1. physical removal of large and undesirable objects -> 2. Biological and/or chemical removal of excess organic material -> 3. disinfection to reduce the number of potential pathogens
41
Q

head works

A

facilities where wastewater enters a wastewater treatment plant

42
Q

screw pumps

A

efficient means of lifting large quantities of water or wastewater at low heads

43
Q

grit and grease removal

A

Horizontal flow velocity is reduced to allow heavy particles to settle while grease and other floating substances are allowed to rise to the surface to be separated. An aeration system is utilized to keep the majority of organic materials in suspension during this process.

44
Q

aeration basins

A

Aerobic bacteria and protists consume organic material of wastewater

45
Q

equalization basin

A

maintain a constant volumetric flow of wastewater from pretreatment to other downstream operations

46
Q

FeCl3 addition

A

remove impurities in water and for wastewater treatment.

47
Q

clarifiers

A

Tanks that allow solids in the water to settle to the bottom

48
Q

UV irradiation

A

another disinfection method for destroying disease-causing organisms in wastewater effluent in onsite wastewater treatment systems; destroys the genetic material of microorganisms which prevents them from reproducing.

49
Q

sludge thickener

A

to concentrate the solids, thus reducing the volume of sludge.

50
Q

aerobic digesters

A

The activated sludge from the final clarifiers comes here and is reduced by cannibalism.

51
Q

sludge storage

A

any combination of drying beds, lagoons, separate tanks and pad areas to store liquid, dewatered or dried sludge

BIO 286 - Microbiology (21 decks)

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