Lab Quiz 6: Anaerobes, Environmental Conditions, and Antimicrobial Conditions (Bio 286 - Microbiology)

Question 1

psychrophiles

Answer 1

microbes that grow optimally under cool conditions (0-15 degrees Celsius)

Question 2

psychrotrophs

Answer 2

microbes that tolerate cool conditions but grow best around room temperature (20 degrees Celsius)

Question 3

mesophiles

Answer 3

microbes that grow best between room temperature and body temperature (20-40 degrees Celsius)

Question 4

thermophiles

Answer 4

microbes with optimal growth under high temperatures (>40 degrees Celsius)

Question 5

acidophiles

Answer 5

microbes that grow best at low pH (1-5)

Question 6

neutrophiles

Answer 6

microbes that grow best at neutral pH (6-8)

Question 7

alkalinophiles

Answer 7

microbes that grow best at alkaline or high pH (9-14)

Question 8

nonhalotolerant

Answer 8

microbes that are inhibited by moderate levels of salt (1-5% NaCl)

Question 9

halotolerant

Answer 9

microbes that can tolerate higher concentrations of salt (1-15% NaCl)

Question 10

halophiles

Answer 10

microbes requiring elevated salt concentrations for growth

Question 11

halophiles cannot grow without

Answer 11

added salt (whereas halotolerant microbes can grow without added salt)

Question 12

mesophile microbes

Answer 12

Alcaligenes faecalis, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Staphylococcus aureus

Question 13

thermophile microbe

Answer 13

Bacillus stearothermophilus

Question 14

psychrophile microbe

Answer 14

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Question 15

alkalinophile microbe

Answer 15

Alcaligenes faecalis

Question 16

neutrophile microbes

Answer 16

Bacillus stearothermophilus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Staphylococcus aureus

Question 17

acidophile microbe

Answer 17

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 18

halotolerant microbes

Answer 18

Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 19

obligate aerobes

Answer 19

organisms that require oxygen to live

Question 20

obligate anaerobes

Answer 20

organisms that are unable to use molecular oxygen to obtain energy and are usually killed or inhibited by its presence

Question 21

facultative anaerobes

Answer 21

organisms that can use oxygen if it is available but can also grow when oxygen is absent

Question 22

aerotolerant anaerobes

Answer 22

organisms that cannot use oxygen for growth but they can tolerate its presence well

Question 23

microaerophilic

Answer 23

organisms that require a lower oxygen concentration than what is in the air

Question 24

thioglycolate broth

Answer 24

contains sodium thioglycolate and cysteine that act as reducing agents to create anaerobic conditions when they convert molecular oxygen to water; resazurin is used as the color indicator– where strict aerobes will grow only it the pink band, microaerophiles growing near the bottom of the band (in lower concentrations of oxygen), and anaerobes growing in areas without pink (indicating absence of oxygen)

Question 25

oxygen indicators

Answer 25

resaxurin is pink when oxidized and colorless when reduced and methylene blue is blue when oxidized and colorless when reduced

Question 26

anaerobic jar

Answer 26

chamber from which oxygen is removed to be replaced with a carbon dioxide atmosphere

Question 27

brewers anaerobic agar plates

Answer 27

contain methylene blue as oxygen indicator; culture anaerobes when placed inside an anaerobe jar

Question 28

anaerobic microbe

Answer 28

clostridium sporogenes

Question 29

aerobic microbe

Answer 29

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 30

aerotolerant microbe

Answer 30

Enterococcus faecalis

Question 31

facultative anaerobic microbe

Answer 31

Escherichia coli

Question 32

disinfectants

Answer 32

compounds used to kill/inhibit microbes on inanimate objects, tend to be more toxic

Question 33

disinfectant classes

Answer 33

phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds, oxidizer, and alkylator

Question 34

disinfectant phenol

Answer 34

lysol

Question 35

disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound

Answer 35

roccal

Question 36

disinfectant oxidizer

Answer 36

bleach

Question 37

disinfectant alkylator

Answer 37

aldehyde

Question 38

antiseptics

Answer 38

compounds used to kill/inhibit microbes on living surfaces (skin tissue), tend to be less toxic

Question 39

antiseptic classes

Answer 39

alcohol, oxidizer, surfactant, phenolic

Question 40

antiseptic alcohol

Answer 40

isopropanol

Question 41

antiseptic oxidizer

Answer 41

iodine

Question 42

antiseptic surfactant

Answer 42

dish soap

Question 43

antiseptic phenol

Answer 43

germicidal soap

Question 44

antibiotics

Answer 44

compounds that are produced by other microorganisms and tend to be used chemotherapeutically to inhibit/kill microbes

Question 45

antibiotics that target peptidoglycan

Answer 45

ampicillin, cephalothin, penicillin

Question 46

antibiotics that target 70S ribosome

Answer 46

erythromycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline

Question 47

disk diffusion method

Answer 47

apply the antibiotic compounds using paper disk and allow the chemical to diffuse into the media to create a chemical gradient

Question 48

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Answer 48

threshold concentration necessary to kill or inhibit microbial growth; least amount of drug needed to block visible growth

Question 49

zone of inhibition

Answer 49

Region around a chemical saturated disc, where bacteria are unable to grow due to adverse effects of the compound in the disc.

Question 50

resistant microbes have

Answer 50

smaller zone of inhibition; larger MIC

Question 51

susceptible microbes have

Answer 51

larger zone of inhibition; smaller MIC

Question 52

best antiseptic

Answer 52

iodine (oxidizer)

Question 53

best disinfectant

Answer 53

aldehyde (alkylator)

Question 54

most resistant microbe

Answer 54

candida albicans (because it is a yeast -- its cell wall is made of chitin and its ribosomes are 80S -- so now antibiotics can target it)

Question 55

most resistant bacteria

Answer 55

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 56

most susceptible bacteria

Answer 56

staphylococcus aureus (only has one membrane because it is gram positive -- so antibiotics can get through cell quicker/more easily than they can for gram negative cells)