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BIO 286 - Microbiology > Lab Quiz 6: Anaerobes, Environmental Conditions, and Antimicrobial Conditions (Bio 286 - Microbiology) > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 6: Anaerobes, Environmental Conditions, and Antimicrobial Conditions (Bio 286 - Microbiology) Flashcards

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1
Q

psychrophiles

A

microbes that grow optimally under cool conditions (0-15 degrees Celsius)

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2
Q

psychrotrophs

A

microbes that tolerate cool conditions but grow best around room temperature (20 degrees Celsius)

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3
Q

mesophiles

A

microbes that grow best between room temperature and body temperature (20-40 degrees Celsius)

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4
Q

thermophiles

A

microbes with optimal growth under high temperatures (>40 degrees Celsius)

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5
Q

acidophiles

A

microbes that grow best at low pH (1-5)

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6
Q

neutrophiles

A

microbes that grow best at neutral pH (6-8)

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7
Q

alkalinophiles

A

microbes that grow best at alkaline or high pH (9-14)

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8
Q

nonhalotolerant

A

microbes that are inhibited by moderate levels of salt (1-5% NaCl)

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9
Q

halotolerant

A

microbes that can tolerate higher concentrations of salt (1-15% NaCl)

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10
Q

halophiles

A

microbes requiring elevated salt concentrations for growth

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11
Q

halophiles cannot grow without

A

added salt (whereas halotolerant microbes can grow without added salt)

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12
Q

mesophile microbes

A

Alcaligenes faecalis, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Staphylococcus aureus

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13
Q

thermophile microbe

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus

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14
Q

psychrophile microbe

A

Pseudomonas fluorescens

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15
Q

alkalinophile microbe

A

Alcaligenes faecalis

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16
Q

neutrophile microbes

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

acidophile microbe

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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18
Q

halotolerant microbes

A

Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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19
Q

obligate aerobes

A

organisms that require oxygen to live

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20
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

organisms that are unable to use molecular oxygen to obtain energy and are usually killed or inhibited by its presence

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21
Q

facultative anaerobes

A

organisms that can use oxygen if it is available but can also grow when oxygen is absent

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22
Q

aerotolerant anaerobes

A

organisms that cannot use oxygen for growth but they can tolerate its presence well

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23
Q

microaerophilic

A

organisms that require a lower oxygen concentration than what is in the air

24
Q

thioglycolate broth

A

contains sodium thioglycolate and cysteine that act as reducing agents to create anaerobic conditions when they convert molecular oxygen to water; resazurin is used as the color indicator– where strict aerobes will grow only it the pink band, microaerophiles growing near the bottom of the band (in lower concentrations of oxygen), and anaerobes growing in areas without pink (indicating absence of oxygen)

25
Q

oxygen indicators

A

resaxurin is pink when oxidized and colorless when reduced and methylene blue is blue when oxidized and colorless when reduced

26
Q

anaerobic jar

A

chamber from which oxygen is removed to be replaced with a carbon dioxide atmosphere

27
Q

brewers anaerobic agar plates

A

contain methylene blue as oxygen indicator; culture anaerobes when placed inside an anaerobe jar

28
Q

anaerobic microbe

A

clostridium sporogenes

29
Q

aerobic microbe

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

30
Q

aerotolerant microbe

A

Enterococcus faecalis

31
Q

facultative anaerobic microbe

A

Escherichia coli

32
Q

disinfectants

A

compounds used to kill/inhibit microbes on inanimate objects, tend to be more toxic

33
Q

disinfectant classes

A

phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds, oxidizer, and alkylator

34
Q

disinfectant phenol

A

lysol

35
Q

disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound

A

roccal

36
Q

disinfectant oxidizer

A

bleach

37
Q

disinfectant alkylator

A

aldehyde

38
Q

antiseptics

A

compounds used to kill/inhibit microbes on living surfaces (skin tissue), tend to be less toxic

39
Q

antiseptic classes

A

alcohol, oxidizer, surfactant, phenolic

40
Q

antiseptic alcohol

A

isopropanol

41
Q

antiseptic oxidizer

A

iodine

42
Q

antiseptic surfactant

A

dish soap

43
Q

antiseptic phenol

A

germicidal soap

44
Q

antibiotics

A

compounds that are produced by other microorganisms and tend to be used chemotherapeutically to inhibit/kill microbes

45
Q

antibiotics that target peptidoglycan

A

ampicillin, cephalothin, penicillin

46
Q

antibiotics that target 70S ribosome

A

erythromycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline

47
Q

disk diffusion method

A

apply the antibiotic compounds using paper disk and allow the chemical to diffuse into the media to create a chemical gradient

48
Q

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

A

threshold concentration necessary to kill or inhibit microbial growth; least amount of drug needed to block visible growth

49
Q

zone of inhibition

A

Region around a chemical saturated disc, where bacteria are unable to grow due to adverse effects of the compound in the disc.

50
Q

resistant microbes have

A

smaller zone of inhibition; larger MIC

51
Q

susceptible microbes have

A

larger zone of inhibition; smaller MIC

52
Q

best antiseptic

A

iodine (oxidizer)

53
Q

best disinfectant

A

aldehyde (alkylator)

54
Q

most resistant microbe

A

candida albicans (because it is a yeast – its cell wall is made of chitin and its ribosomes are 80S – so now antibiotics can target it)

55
Q

most resistant bacteria

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

56
Q

most susceptible bacteria

A

staphylococcus aureus (only has one membrane because it is gram positive – so antibiotics can get through cell quicker/more easily than they can for gram negative cells)

BIO 286 - Microbiology (21 decks)

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