Lab Quiz 1: Microscopy, Cell morphology, Aseptic Technique (Bio 286 - Microbiology) Flashcards
ocular lenses (binocular)
eye pieces that each has a magnifying power of 10X
cord wrap
brackets to store the power cord around when done using the scope
objective lenses
secondary lenses to magnify the sample ranging in magnifying power from 4X to 100X
course focus knob
used to rapidly move the stage (and thus the sample) to focus
fine focus knob
used to tweak the focus with 40X and 100X objectives
mechanical stage controls
move the sample in the X and Y planes, where the focus is the Z plane
condenser iris
the lever that controls how much light passes through the sample
power switch
turns the lamp on and off
light source
halogen lamp providing light
parfocal and parcentered
once the sample is centered and focused with one objective, it will be (more or less) focused and centered for all other objectives too
total magnification
ocular lens (10X) x objective lens
field of view
total area of the sample that is visual; decreases as magnification increases; equal to (division size x 100)/0.56 (because the entire ocular reticle only spans 56%)
working distance
space between objective lens and sample; decreases as magnification increases; measured with a ruler
right ocular lens
has the measuring reticle (scale) with 100 unit-less divisions; calibrated with a slide with a stage micrometer (where the slides have a line etched on them that is 1mm, 1000 micrometers long and divided into 100 equal segments that are 10 micrometers each)
division size calculation
(number of scale divisions x 10 micrometers) / number of ocular divisions
coccus
spherical bacterium
diplococci
spherical bacteria growing in pairs
diplococci encapsulated (pneumococcus)
spherical bacteria growing in pairs within an encapsulated membrane
staphylococci
spherical bacteria growing in clusters
streptococci
spherical bacteria growing in chains
sarcina
cubical packet of 8, 16, or more spherical bacteria
tetrad
square packet of four spherical bacteria
enlarged rod (fusobacterium)
bacteria rod that is elongated into a slender, pointed end shape
vibrio
comma shaped bacteria
comma’s form (bdellovibrio)
a monotrichous (one flagella) comma shaped bacteria
club rod (corynebacteriaceae)
a comma shaped bacteria with most of the cell material condensed at one end and the other end coming to a narrow handle, similar to a club
helical form (helicobacter pylori)
a comma shaped bacteria that has an two ends meeting at a more narrow midpoint, resembling a helical shape
coccobacillus
short round rod bacteria
bacillus
rod shaped bacteria
diplobacilli
pairs of bacilli
palisades
bacilli in a parallel or picket fence
streptobacilli
chains of bacilli
hypha
the narrowest part of bacteria with a shape similar to the club rod but with a more slender head
stalk
the most narrow, slender part of a comma shaped bacteria
corkscrew’s form (borrelia burgdorferi)
a thick spiral bacteria
spirochete
spiral shaped bacteria
filamentous
complex bacteria shape that looks like an unraveled spiral
aseptic
sterile, not contaminated
axenic
pure culture
morphological features describing colonies
size, shape, margin, elevation, color, consistency, surface, opacity
size of colonies
punctiform (pinpoint), small, moderate, large
shape of colonies
round, irregular, fibrous, rhizoid, curled
round
colonies that have a nice radial symmetry and appear as round mounds of growth
irregular
colonies that have less symmetry and have undulating edges
fibrous shape
soil bacteria that have fibrous or hairy colonies
rhizoid
bacteria and fungi that have a spreading and branching type of growth
curled
bacteria that have a terraced appearance due to swarming on the plate
margin of colonies
fibrous, entire, lobate, serrate
fibrous margin
colonies that have a filamentous edge
entire
colonies that with a smooth and even edge
lobate
colonies that have an irregular, lobed edge
serrate (aka erose)
colonies that have a saw-tooth edge
elevation of colonies
flat, raised, convex, crateriform, umbonate, pitted
flat
colonies that have very little elevation and remain flat on agar surface
raised
colonies that have some elevation and appear somewhat raised from agar surface
convex
colonies that form a substantial pile of cells with a dome-like structure
crateriform (aka concave)
colonies that exhibit depressions in the center
umbonate
colonies that exhibit an extra dimple in the center
pitted
colonies that metabolize the agar in the media so they grow within the media
color of colonies
variants of cream to tan, but some white, black, yellow, red, pink, purple, and other shades
consistency of colonies
butyrous, viscous, mucous, friable
butyrous
colonies having a buttery consistency
viscous
colonies having a sticky consistency
mucous
colonies having a slimy consistency (often due to production of a capsule)
friable
colonies (like mycobacteria) that have hard and waxy colonies that break up upon probing
surface of colonies
appear to be smooth and/or shiny or dull/rough or wrinkled
opacity of colonies
varying translucence, but most appear opaque (not transparent)
plate streaking
a lab technique used to obtain isolated individual colonies of bacterial clones
process of plate streaking
sterilize a wire loop by incineration and let cool for about 10 seconds -> get loopful of mixed culture and apply it to the plate in section 1 -> sterilize loop again and cool -> use loop to spread some cells of section 1 to section 2, spread in section 2 -> sterilize loop and cool -> use loop to spread some cells of section 2 to section 3, spread in section 3 -> sterilize loop and cool -> use loop to spread some cells of section 3 to section 4, spread in section 4 -> sterilize loop, place plate in incubator
Roccal
antiseptic used to wipe the workspace down (before and after lab sessions)
regular trash disposal
into regular trash bins
stain disposal
labeled carboy at the front of the lab
glass disposal
cardboard glass receptacle
chemical disposal
containers and instruction for disposal provided on a case to case basis
contaminated material disposal
orange autoclave bag at the front of lab; contaminated glassware in a bin at the front of the lab for later decontamination
bunsen burner
decently sized triangle of blue flame = good