Ch 18: Eukaryotic Diversity (Bio 286 - Microbiology) Flashcards
eukaryotic cell
larger in size; contains a NUCLEUS; division of labor; ORGANELLES
nucleus
DOUBLE LIPID BILAYER; most of genetic material of cell; DNA exists as CHROMATIN; nucleolus (rRNA synthesis); nuclear pores allow traffic into and out of nucleus
eukaryotic nucleus
double lipid bilayer
eukaryotic DNA
exists as chromatin
eukaryotic genetic material
MULTIPLE LINEAR CHROMOSOME ARE PRESENT; haploid or diploid; DNA is condensed on proteins (histones); replicate using mitosis/meiosis
histones
proteins on which DNA is condensed
endoplasmic reticulum
phospholipids; smooth and rough
smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
lipid metabolism; detox reactions; lacks ribosomes
rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
ribosomes docked/bound; protein synthesis
evidence of ribosome characteristics and DNA content in nucleus
supports that eukaryotes are derived from bacteria
all cells have
ribosomes
eukaryotic ribosome
two subunits (40S + 60S) for a total size of 80S; translate mRNA into proteins; similar structure to prokaryotes but different topology; antibiotic resistant
mitochondria
“powerhouse”; site of aerobic respiration; bacterial endosymbiont; double lipid bilayer and has its own genetic material (single circular, encodes for 70S ribosomes); reproduce autonomously
mitochondria are derived from
alpha proteobacteria
mitochondria are the site of
aerobic respiration
mitochondria has its own
genetic material (and ribosomes)
chloroplasts
found in plants and algae; SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; bacterial endosymbiont (derived from cyanobacteria); double lipid bilayer and its own genetic material (single circular, encodes for 70S ribosomes); reproduce autonomously; have thylakoids (like cyanobacteria)
chloroplasts are the site of
photosynthesis
chloroplasts are derived from
cyanobacteria
chloroplasts has its own
genetic material
golgi body
composed of a lipid bilayer; PROTEIN TRAFFICKING CENTERS; import/processing/export; vesicles bud off
eukaryotic cytoskeleton
more elaborate than bacteria; intracellular protein matrix; contains ACTIN (polymerized into chains, highway for proteins to deliver), MICROTUBULES (made of tubulin, highway for proteins), and INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS; regulate cell shape, involved in motility, and other cell functions
vacuoles
LIPID-ENCLOSED SPACE; storage sites for water/food/enzymes/waste; vary greatly in size
eukaryotic flagellum
used for LOCOMOTION; waves like an oar (does not spin); multi-protein complex; microtubule core; dynein arms use ATP to slide tubules which results in flexion