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Medical Assistant > Lab Procedures > Flashcards

Lab Procedures Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What information do Safety Data Sheets contain?

A

Flammability of the chemical

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2
Q

Standard Precautions were issued by which agency?

A

CDC

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3
Q

Why is CLIA needed?

A

to maintain quality control of laboratory tests performed on specimens taken from the human body

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4
Q

How many categories of testing are there in CLIA?

A

4

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5
Q

Who is responsible for compliance with OSHA regulations?

A

employer

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6
Q

What is the core of the OSHA safety standard for chemical exposure?

A

the chemical hygiene plan

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7
Q

which is the agency that requires employers to ensure employee safety related to exposure to potentially harmful substances?

A

OSHA

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8
Q

What does CLIA regulate?

A

training of the personnel involved in testing

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9
Q

What does OSHA require for employees?

A

PPE

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10
Q

which agency is charged with implementing CLIA?

A

CMS

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11
Q

what is the major purpose of material safety data sheets?

A

identifies hazardous ingredients, first aid procedures and spill and leak procedures

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12
Q

medical assistants perform most of their tests in which CLIA category?

A

waived

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13
Q

what is a patient who has no complaints or symptoms of illness known as?

A

asymptomatic

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14
Q

how is the light intensity adjusted?

A

use condenser

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15
Q

what best describes the most commonly used microscope in the clinic setting?

A

compound

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16
Q

what best describes the purpose of using oil immersion?

A

multiply ocular lens magnification

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17
Q

when a patient comes to the clinic with a combination of symptoms that can be related to one or more conditions, the doctor usually will perform a laboratory test to rule out of the possible conditions or diseases. This is known as ?

A

differential diagnosis

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18
Q

which departments studies tissue sample biopsies?

A

histology

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19
Q

Which laboratory specialties performs testing and microscopic examinations of cells to detect early signs of cancer and other diseases?

A

cytology

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20
Q

which laboratory specialties performs testing for blood typing, cross matching, and the separation and storage of blood components?

A

immunohematology

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21
Q

which laboratory specialities performs testing for identification of bacteria and fungi?

A

microbiology

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22
Q

Which test would NOT be covered by insurance if the patient’s diagnosis was “Urinary Tract Infection”?

A

glucose tolerance test

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23
Q

what is the range of values considered normal because they include 95% of test results for normal healthy population?

A

reference values

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24
Q

what is true about caring for a microscope?

A

use oil only with oil-immersion lens

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25
Q

Lipid panel includes:

A

cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL

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26
Q

arthritis panel includes:

A

uric acid, ESR, fluorescent noninfectious agent screen, and rheumatoid factor

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27
Q

obstetric panel includes:

A

CBC with diff, hepatitis B surface antigen, rubella antibody, syphilis, antibody screen, RBC, and blood typing

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28
Q

general health panel includes:

A

comprehensive metabolic panel, CBC with diff and TSH

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29
Q

In TDM (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring), measuring the highest level of medication in the patient’s blood is referred to as?

A

peak

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30
Q

which blood cells are responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

erythrocytes

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31
Q

the plasma and red blood cells are separated by what when using anti coagulated tubes?

A

Buffy coat

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32
Q

what methods are used to perform a venipuncture?

A

syringe, vacuum tube, and butterfly

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33
Q

what best describes why OSHA requires safety needles be made available to employees?

A

prevents on-the-job needle stick injuries

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34
Q

when a blood sample cannot be obtained, what should be done?

A

advance the needle slightly, withdraw the needle slightly, try another tube

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35
Q

when performing a venipuncture, which vein is used majority of the time?

A

median cubital

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36
Q

what is the appropriate action when palpating for a vein in the upper arm?

A

palpate the vein with the tip of your index finger

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37
Q

what is the first step in performing a successful venipuncture?

A

put the patient at ease

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38
Q

what best describes when a syringe is most often used for venipuncture?

A

when collecting small amounts of blood from fragile veins

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39
Q

what is the usual site for capillary puncture in infants?

A

heel

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40
Q

what best describes the purpose of additives?

A

anticoagulant to prevent clotting, chemical to help preserve blood, substance to accelerate the clotting process

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41
Q

what is included in the necessary information written on the specimen tube label?

A

patient identification number, complete name of the patient, and date/time the specimen was drawn

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42
Q

what is the recommended order for checking the best available vein site?

A

antecubital region of the arm, back of the hand, back of the wrist, ankle/foot

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43
Q

what combination system can be used with the syringe or the vacuum tube?

A

butterfly collection system

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44
Q

what best describes the cause of hemolysis?

A

puncturing the skin before allowing the alcohol to dry completely

45
Q

what best describes how a tube with anticoagulants is identified?

A

tube stopper color

46
Q

what is the gauge of needles most commonly used in venipuncture?

A

20, 21, and 22

47
Q

what best describes an advantage of a soft rubber tourniquet?

A

inexpensive enough to replace often

48
Q

pressure to the site must be held longer than 2 to 3 minutes after a venipuncture is performed if the patient is taking what kind of medications?

A

Coumadin, aspirin, ginko biloba

49
Q

what is not a quality assurance control?

A

specimens are in syringes with a needle still attached

50
Q

when using the safer plastic vacuum tubes, what is the correct order of draw?

A

cultures, blue top (citrate), red top and/or SST

51
Q

what best describes the correct application of a tourniquet?

A

apply 3 to 4 inches above the puncture site

52
Q

what is the usual site for capillary puncture in adults?

A

fingertip

53
Q

what factors can affect laboratory values?

A

fasting, heparin, exercise

54
Q

what is the most appropriate action when using a phlebotomy tray?

A

label with an approved biohazard symbol

55
Q

chemistry testing is which tube color?

A

red top

56
Q

glucose testing is which tube color?

A

light gray top

57
Q

hematology testing (CBC) is what color tube top?

A

purple top

58
Q

coagulation testing uses what color tube top?

A

light blue top

59
Q

what is the most numerous white blood cells?

A

neutrophils

60
Q

what is not a cellular component of the blood?

A

plasma

61
Q

what is the normal range of values for hemoglobin of adult women?

A

12-16g/dl

62
Q

when a sed rate increases it detects what type of disease of condition?

A

inflammatory disease, acute stress, and lupus

63
Q

WBCs are divided into two basic groups known as what?

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes

64
Q

what type of blood is used for microhematocrit test?

A

capillary

65
Q

what best describes a hematocrit test?

A

ratio of volume packed red blood cells

66
Q

platelets or thrombocytes are involved in doing what in the blood?

A

coagulation

67
Q

what is not generally included in a CBC?

A

sedimentation rate

68
Q

what is the major component of the RBC that transports oxygen?

A

hemoglobin

69
Q

what hormone is required for the production of new red blood cells?

A

erythropoietin

70
Q

what is the normal value for a platelet count?

A

150,000-450,000

71
Q

anisocytosis

A

cells have marked variation in size

72
Q

poikilocytosis

A

cells show marked variation in shape

73
Q

normochromatic

A

cells have the proper amount of hemoglobin

74
Q

hypochromic

A

cells have large pale centers

75
Q

what is the most common urine specimen type in the provider’s office laboratory?

A

random urine

76
Q

what is the common medication used to treat bladder infections and turns the urine bright orange?

A

pyridium

77
Q

what smell will the urine of a patient with diabetes who has ketoacidosis have?

A

sweet

78
Q

which part of the urinalysis is to be performed by the provider?

A

microscopic

79
Q

what is the threshold for a blood sugar level to start spilling over in to the urine?

A

180

80
Q

abnormal substances found in the urine include:

A

potassium, urobilinogen, blood, and protein

81
Q

midstream

A

urine sample collected in the middle of the flow of urine

82
Q

pH

A

scale that indicates the relative alkalinity or acidity of a solution

83
Q

supernatant

A

the liquid (top) portion of centrifuge urine that is disposed of

84
Q

turbid

A

opaque; lack of clarity

85
Q

ketones

A

compounds produced during increased fat metabolism; can be treated on a reagent strip

86
Q

regent test strip

A

narrow strip of plastic used in urinalysis to detect a variety of substances and values

87
Q

specific gravity

A

test considered part of the physical urinalysis but is actually on the reagent strip which is the chemical part of the urinalysis

88
Q

UTI

A

an infection of the urinary system

89
Q

what is the filtering unit of the kidney called?

A

glomerulus

90
Q

ketoacidosis

A

accumulation of ketones in the body, occurring primarily as a complication of diabetes mellitus; if left untreated, it could cause a coma

91
Q

refractometer

A

instrument that measure the refractive index of a substance or solution; used in urinalysis chemical examination to measure the urine specimen’s specific gravity

92
Q

hematuria

A

abnormal presence of blood in urine, symptomatic of many disorders of the genitourinary system and renal diseases

93
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment that forms from the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells; usually travels in the bloodstream to the liver, where it is converted to a water-soluble form and excreted into the bile

94
Q

creatinine

A

waste product formed in the muscle that is excreted by the kidneys; increased in blood and urine when kidney function is abnormal

95
Q

urobilinogen

A

colorless compound produced in the intestines after the breakdown by bacteria of bilirubin

96
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: PPE should be worn when working with specimens. assuming that all specimens are infectious is an important element of following Standard Precautions for infection control

A

true

97
Q

what is septicemia?

A

blood infection

98
Q

what color does gram-negative bacteria stain?

A

pink

99
Q

which organism causes boils?

A

staphylococcus

100
Q

normal flora

A

natural bacteria

101
Q

the act of coughing up material from the air passages

A

expectorate

102
Q

living only in the absence of oxygen

A

anerobic

103
Q

infection acquired in a hospital

A

nosocomial

104
Q

applied to bacteria to differentiate two basic groups, either positive or negative

A

gram stain

105
Q

airborne particles that can be released into the air when culturing

A

aerosols

106
Q

what shape best describes bacilli?

A

rod

107
Q

bacteria that remain purple in the staining process are known as what?

A

gram positive

108
Q

what type of organism requires O2?

A

aerobic

Medical Assistant (22 decks)

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