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Medical Assistant > Clinicals: Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Clinicals: Chapter 21 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

antibodies are called __

A

immunoglobulins

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2
Q

__ is associated with circulating antibodies that fight infection

A

humoral immunity

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3
Q

an acute, contagious respiratory infection is called __ or rhinitis

A

coryza

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4
Q

infections that are acquired from the hands of health care professionals are known as __ infections

A

nosocomial

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5
Q

__ is a medical term meaning freedom from any infectious material

A

aseptic

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6
Q

diseases that are carried by animals or insects are spready by __ transmission

A

vector

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7
Q

gram-negative __ cause infections including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound or surgical site infections, and meningitis in health care settings

A

bacilli

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8
Q

viral infections are difficult to treat. most of the care provided is designed to relieve symptoms and is known as __ treatment

A

plliative

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9
Q

when there is a sudden outbreak of disease or an __, the CDC investigates the cause and methods of control

A

epidemic

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10
Q

the overuse or misuse of antibiotics has been linked to the emergence and spread of microorganisms which have developed __ to them, rendering treatment ineffective and posing a serious risk to public health

A

resistance

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11
Q

diseases that are easily spread by contact with an infected person are known as __

A

communicable

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12
Q

__ is the liquid that comes from your respiratory tract when you cough

A

sputum

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13
Q

__ represents one of the several measures that can be taken to implement infection control

A

isolation

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14
Q

contact with blood should be avoided because __ are common causes of disease processes

A

bloodborne pathogens

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15
Q

medications administered other than orally are considered __ medications

A

parenteral

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16
Q

__ is a feeling of weakness, overall discomfort, illness, or simply not feeling well

A

malaise

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17
Q

__ are microscopic living organisms that are capable of causing illness and disease

A

microorganisms

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18
Q

__ is sever itching of the skin

A

pruritus

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19
Q

two types of immune responses

A
  1. cell mediated - usually involved in attacks against viruses, fungi, organ transplants, or cancer cells
  2. humoral - a result of the stimulation of B lymphocytes and plasma cells to produce antibodies
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20
Q

5 stages of infectious disease

A
  1. incubation - time between exposure with no symptoms
  2. prodromal - general complaints of illness
  3. acute - period of illness
  4. acme - peak of disease
  5. declining - symptoms subside
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21
Q

4 items that are considered PPE

A
  1. gloves - reduce risk of contamination to the hands
  2. masks/eyewear - reduce contamination to mucous membranes
  3. gowns - protect clothing from contamination
  4. goggles - protect the eyes
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22
Q

what factors influence the host’s susceptibility?

A
  1. number and specific type of pathogen
  2. duration of exposure to the pathogen
  3. general physical condition
  4. physiological health status
  5. occupation or lifestyle environment
23
Q

the use of biologic agents such as pathogenic microorganisms to do damage to a society is considered __

A

bioterrorism

24
Q

people, equipment, supplies, and food and water are considered which part of the chain of infection?

A

reservoir

25
Q

a person that is capable of contracting a pathogenic organism is called __

A

susceptible host

26
Q

what is the body’s first line of defense?

A

intact skin

27
Q

the most important aspect of infection control is __

A

hand washing

28
Q

the portal of exit is a part of the chain of infection. the best description of the portal of exit:

A

the method by which an infectious agent leaves the reservoir

29
Q

the steps that must be followed to allow the spread of infectious disease is __

A

chain of infection

30
Q

if an employee has suffered an occupational exposure, how long must that medical record be kept?

A

the length of employment plus 30 years

31
Q

the step in the infection cycle when an infectious agent leaves the reservoir host

A

portal of exit

32
Q

examples of a reservoir in the infection cycle

A

reservoir

33
Q

What type of precautions are used with all patients and include; hand washing, gloves, and mask?

A

standard precautions

34
Q

Which medical asepsis process uses various chemicals that can destroy many pathogenic microorganisms?

A

disinfection

35
Q

Which of the following stages of infectious disease shows improvement levels of health?

A

declining

36
Q

When handwashing with antimicrobial soap and water is not available, which method can be used?

A

alcohol-based hand rub

37
Q

Which of the following types of immunity is achieved following the administration of vaccines?

A

artificial active immunity

38
Q

stages of infectious disease includes general complaints such as malaise and fever?

A

prodromal

39
Q

Practices such as hand washing, general cleaning, and disinfectant are all part of which of the following?

A

medical asepsis

40
Q

types of immunity is achieved through administration of ready-made antibodies?

A

artificially acquired passive

41
Q

Who is credited with the first vaccine to protect against smallpox?

A

Jenner

42
Q

Who has the highest risk of developing a nosocomial infection?

A

hospitalized patients

43
Q

describe a portal of exit

A

excretions and secretions

44
Q

describe how to inhibit bacterial growth

A

keep surfaces dry and clean

45
Q

what is considered an antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

A

MRSA

46
Q

the order of occurrence of the infection cycle

A
  1. infectious agent
  2. reservoir host
  3. portal of exit
  4. means of transmission
  5. portal of entry
  6. susceptible host
47
Q

What do we add on to standard precautions when a contagious disease is suspected __

A

transmission based precautions

48
Q

causes athlete’s foot and ringworm

A

fungi

49
Q

examples are protozoa and metazoa

A

parasites

50
Q

identified by characteristic shapes

A

bacteria

51
Q

intracellular parasites larger than viruses

A

rickettsiae

52
Q

requires a living cell for reproduction

A

virus

53
Q

applies to the set of infection control guidelines that should be used by all health care
professionals

A

standard precautions

Medical Assistant (22 decks)

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