Clinicals: Chapter 21 Flashcards
antibodies are called __
immunoglobulins
__ is associated with circulating antibodies that fight infection
humoral immunity
an acute, contagious respiratory infection is called __ or rhinitis
coryza
infections that are acquired from the hands of health care professionals are known as __ infections
nosocomial
__ is a medical term meaning freedom from any infectious material
aseptic
diseases that are carried by animals or insects are spready by __ transmission
vector
gram-negative __ cause infections including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound or surgical site infections, and meningitis in health care settings
bacilli
viral infections are difficult to treat. most of the care provided is designed to relieve symptoms and is known as __ treatment
plliative
when there is a sudden outbreak of disease or an __, the CDC investigates the cause and methods of control
epidemic
the overuse or misuse of antibiotics has been linked to the emergence and spread of microorganisms which have developed __ to them, rendering treatment ineffective and posing a serious risk to public health
resistance
diseases that are easily spread by contact with an infected person are known as __
communicable
__ is the liquid that comes from your respiratory tract when you cough
sputum
__ represents one of the several measures that can be taken to implement infection control
isolation
contact with blood should be avoided because __ are common causes of disease processes
bloodborne pathogens
medications administered other than orally are considered __ medications
parenteral
__ is a feeling of weakness, overall discomfort, illness, or simply not feeling well
malaise
__ are microscopic living organisms that are capable of causing illness and disease
microorganisms
__ is sever itching of the skin
pruritus
two types of immune responses
- cell mediated - usually involved in attacks against viruses, fungi, organ transplants, or cancer cells
- humoral - a result of the stimulation of B lymphocytes and plasma cells to produce antibodies
5 stages of infectious disease
- incubation - time between exposure with no symptoms
- prodromal - general complaints of illness
- acute - period of illness
- acme - peak of disease
- declining - symptoms subside
4 items that are considered PPE
- gloves - reduce risk of contamination to the hands
- masks/eyewear - reduce contamination to mucous membranes
- gowns - protect clothing from contamination
- goggles - protect the eyes
what factors influence the host’s susceptibility?
- number and specific type of pathogen
- duration of exposure to the pathogen
- general physical condition
- physiological health status
- occupation or lifestyle environment
the use of biologic agents such as pathogenic microorganisms to do damage to a society is considered __
bioterrorism
people, equipment, supplies, and food and water are considered which part of the chain of infection?
reservoir
a person that is capable of contracting a pathogenic organism is called __
susceptible host
what is the body’s first line of defense?
intact skin
the most important aspect of infection control is __
hand washing
the portal of exit is a part of the chain of infection. the best description of the portal of exit:
the method by which an infectious agent leaves the reservoir
the steps that must be followed to allow the spread of infectious disease is __
chain of infection
if an employee has suffered an occupational exposure, how long must that medical record be kept?
the length of employment plus 30 years
the step in the infection cycle when an infectious agent leaves the reservoir host
portal of exit
examples of a reservoir in the infection cycle
reservoir
What type of precautions are used with all patients and include; hand washing, gloves, and mask?
standard precautions
Which medical asepsis process uses various chemicals that can destroy many pathogenic microorganisms?
disinfection
Which of the following stages of infectious disease shows improvement levels of health?
declining
When handwashing with antimicrobial soap and water is not available, which method can be used?
alcohol-based hand rub
Which of the following types of immunity is achieved following the administration of vaccines?
artificial active immunity
stages of infectious disease includes general complaints such as malaise and fever?
prodromal
Practices such as hand washing, general cleaning, and disinfectant are all part of which of the following?
medical asepsis
types of immunity is achieved through administration of ready-made antibodies?
artificially acquired passive
Who is credited with the first vaccine to protect against smallpox?
Jenner
Who has the highest risk of developing a nosocomial infection?
hospitalized patients
describe a portal of exit
excretions and secretions
describe how to inhibit bacterial growth
keep surfaces dry and clean
what is considered an antibiotic-resistant bacteria?
MRSA
the order of occurrence of the infection cycle
- infectious agent
- reservoir host
- portal of exit
- means of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
What do we add on to standard precautions when a contagious disease is suspected __
transmission based precautions
causes athlete’s foot and ringworm
fungi
examples are protozoa and metazoa
parasites
identified by characteristic shapes
bacteria
intracellular parasites larger than viruses
rickettsiae
requires a living cell for reproduction
virus
applies to the set of infection control guidelines that should be used by all health care
professionals
standard precautions
