Chapter 8-9 Review Flashcards
the central, shaft like portion of a long bone is called the
diaphysis
the medullary cavity in most adults is filled with __
yellow bone marrow
which substance covers the surface of the epiphysis of a long bone?
articular cartilage
TRUE OR FALSE: the epiphyseal plate consists of a layer of hyaline cartilage & is the site of bone lengthening
true
which type of fracture is most likely to occur in a car accident?
comminuted
which type of fracture is mostly likely to occur in young children?
greenstick
which bone is found in the appendicular skeleton?
phalanges
which classification of bone protects the organs or provides a large surface area for the attachment of muscles?
flat bones
the condition in which bones lose so much mass they become extremely brittle is called __
osteoporosis
a fracture in a disease or weakened bone, usually the result of a force that would not fracture a healthy bone, is called a __
pathologic fracture
area between the unfused bones of an infant’s skull
fontanel
immovable joints of the skull
sutures
the first cervical vertebra
atlas
second cervical vertebra
axis
A child is skateboarding without a helmet and falls backward, striking the lower portion of the back of his head on the curb. Which bone is most likely to have been injured?
occipital
the upper jaw is the __
maxillae
a fracture in which the bone has pierced the skin is called a __
compound fracture
TRUE OR FALSE: the epiphysis of a long bone is made of spongy bone
true
the vertebral column consists of five main section, beginning in the neck:
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
the “hunchback of Notre dame” most likely suffered from __
kyphosis
another name for the humeroscapular joint is the __
shoulder
another name for the tibiofemoral joint is the __
knee
which type of synovial joint offers the widest range of movement?
ball & socket
the most numerous & versatile of all the body’s joints are __
synovial
movement that turns the palm upward
supination
movement that turns the palms downward
pronation
foot movement that turns the sole laterally, away from the other foot
eversion
involves moving the toes or foot downward
plantar flexion
involves bending a joint so as to decrease the angle of the joint
flexion
involves moving the toes or foot upward
dorsiflexion
the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body
adduction
the movement of a body art away from the midline of the body
abduction
foot movement that turns the sole medially, toward the other foot
inversion
the extreme extension of a joint beyond its normally straight position
hyperextension
occurs when a bone spins toward the body’s midline
internal rotation
straightening a joint so as to increase the angle between the bones
extension
moving the distal end of an appendage in a circle
cicumduction
moves a part forward
protraction
which type of joints are the suture joints in the skull?
fibrous joints
in which type of joint are two bones joined by cartilage?
cartilaginous joints
example of a hinge joint
elbow
example of a thumb joint
saddle joint
example of the joints in the distal end of the radius with the carpal bones of the wrist
condyloid joint
example of the joints in the tarsal bones of the ankle
gliding joint
