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Clinical Pathology > Lab Practical > Flashcards

Lab Practical Flashcards

1
Q

how to read a PCV tube with a card reader

A
  1. bottom RBC mass placed on “0” mark
  2. tube is slid across the grid until top of plasma is at 100%
  3. PCV is where top of RBC mass ends
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2
Q

how to read a PCV tube without a card reader

A
  1. measure height of RBC column
  2. measure total height from top of clay to top of plasma column
  3. divide height of RBC column by total height
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3
Q

how do red blood cells appear in whole blood

A

red

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4
Q

how does the buffy coat appear in whole blood

A

white

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5
Q

how does the plasma appear in whole blood

A

yellow/clear

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6
Q

how to read total protein

A

refractometer, look at serum protein column

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7
Q

how to calculate absolute count with a CBC differential

A

multiply percentage by total WBC count

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8
Q

what is a relative count

A

number of a type of leukocyte counted within first 100 leukocytes counted

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9
Q

relative count vs absolute count importance

A

two samples may share the same relative count but have wildly different absolute counts

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10
Q

principle of a hemocytometer

A

counting chamber has a fixed area and depth, so cells per volume can be calculated

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11
Q

how to count within hemocytometer

A

count cells within box and touching middle line on top/left

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12
Q

neutrophil appearance

A

multi-lobed nucleus

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13
Q

eosinophil appearance

A

bi-lobed nucleus with red to pink granules

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14
Q

basophil appearance

A

bi-lobed nucleus with blue to purple granules

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15
Q

lymphocyte appearance

A

large spherical nucleus

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16
Q

monocyte appearance

A

largest
blue-gray cytoplasm and lilac granules

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17
Q

reasons to run a urinalysis

A
  1. allows for better understanding of blood chemistry
  2. allows for eval of urinary tract health and conditions indirectly related to urinary tract
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18
Q

urinalysis sample collection methods

A
  1. voided (free catch)
  2. catheterization
  3. cystocentesis
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19
Q

voided (free catch) advantage vs disadvantage

A

advantages: easy and safe
disadvantage: not sterile

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20
Q

catheterization advantages vs disadvantages

A

advantage: sterile
disadvantages: technical difficulties, urethral trauma

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21
Q

cystocentesis advantages vs disadvantages

A

advantage: sterile
disadvantages: challenging, bladder trauma, cannot be done with certain conditions

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22
Q

how to read/record specific gravity

A

refractometer, look at urine gravity column
record in g/L

23
Q

what do struvite crystals look like

A

coffin shaped

24
Q

how do calcium oxalate crystals look

A

small square with an “x”

25
Q

how do calcium carbonate crystals look

A

circles

26
Q

what do biurate crystals look like

A

round and brown with long irregular spicules

27
Q

why might struvite crystals form

A

alkaline urine or slightly acidic urine

28
Q

why do calcium oxalate crystals form

A

acidic urine

29
Q

why do calcium carbonate crystals form

A

no clinical significance, common in horses and rabbits

30
Q

why do biurate crystals form

A

severe liver disease, normal for some breeds

31
Q

does an increase in casts indicate renal tubular damage

A

yes

32
Q

what on a DTM plate indicates dermatophyte growth

A

agar turns red at same time as fungal growth

33
Q

macrocondia of M. Canis

A

white/pale yellow fungi with thicker walls

34
Q

macroconidia of M. Gypseum

A

white/pale yellow with thinner walls

35
Q

macroconidia of T. Mentagrophytes

A

white/cream powdery surface

36
Q

why is it important to check fungal cultures daily

A

to monitor the growth type and see if the color change occurs around when growth starts

37
Q

roundworm scientific name

A

ascaroidea

38
Q

hookworm scientific name

A

strongyloidea

39
Q

tapeworm scientific name

A

cestoda

40
Q

how to calibrate an ocular micrometer

A
  1. line up lines on ocular meter and stage meter
  2. count ocular units and stage units
  3. 10 s.u. = 1000 microns
  4. do math to calculate one ocular unit
41
Q

why must the ocular micrometer be calibrated for each objective

A

different magnifications will impact the size of what is being viewed

42
Q

principle of fecal float

A

fecal solution has higher specific gravity than eggs, allows for eggs to float to top to slide

43
Q

simple flotation advantages and disadvantages

A

advantage: requires less eggs, generally easier
disadvantages: less senstive, may miss heavier parasite eggs

44
Q

centrifuge flotation advantages and disadvantages

A

advantages: sensitive, can detect heavier eggs
disadvantages: needs 3-5x more eggs

45
Q

why is a modified McMasters egg count used in grazing species

A

can determine eggs/gram; most grazing species always have some level of parasite but over a certain number can be a problem

46
Q

modified McMasters formula

A

(Grid 1 + Grid 2) x 25

47
Q

American Dog Tick scientific name

A

dermacentor variabilis

48
Q

Brown Dog Tick scientific name

A

rhipicephalus sanguineus

49
Q

Lone Star Tick scientific name

A

amblyomma americanum

50
Q

Deer Tick/Black Legged Tick scientific name

A

ixodes scapularis

51
Q

biting lice term

A

mallophaga

52
Q

sucking lice term

A

anoplura

53
Q

which ectoparasite lives on host the entire life cycle

A

lice

54
Q

which ectoparasites spend some life stages off of host

A

flies, ticks, fleas, mites

Clinical Pathology (17 decks)

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