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Clinical Pathology > Interpreting Erythrograms > Flashcards

Interpreting Erythrograms Flashcards

1
Q

anemia

A

decrease in RBCs
manifested as a decrease in Hb, PCV/HCT, RBC count

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2
Q

clinical manifestations of anemia

A

lethargy
weakness
increased RR
increased HR
pale mm

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3
Q

classifications of anemia

A

bone marrow response
based on etiology
based on erythrocyte indices

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4
Q

bone marrow response

A

regenerative
non-regenerative

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5
Q

etiology classifications of anemia

A

hemolysis
hemorrhage
iron deficiency
production disorders

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6
Q

erythrocyte indices classifications of anemia

A

cell size
Hb concentration

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7
Q

regenerative anemia

A

bone marrow synthesizes RBCs
results from hemorrhage or hemolysis
reticulocyte count > than normal
response can take 3 - 5 days

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8
Q

non-regenerative anemia

A

decreased production of RBCs by bone marrow
lack of EPO
defect in erythropoiesis

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9
Q

hemorrhage causes

A

trauma
neoplasia
coagulopathies

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10
Q

hemolysis

A

intravascular vs extravascular
secondary to infections, toxins, immune-mechanisms, metabolic causes

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11
Q

extravascular hemolysis

A

within hepatic and splenic macrophages
IgG mediated
plasma can be icteric
all animals with hemolytic anemia

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12
Q

intravascular hemolysis

A

complement mediated lysis (IgM)
plasma will be pink
urine may appear red
iron can be lost
poorer prognosis

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13
Q

non-regenerative anemia

A

decrease in RBC mass secondary to decrease in RBC production
lack of reticulocytosis

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14
Q

mechanisms of non-regenerative anemias

A

suppression of erythropoiesis
dyserythropoiesis

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15
Q

assessing regeneration

A

reticulocyte enumeration (peripheral blood)
bone marrow biopsy/aspiration

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16
Q

normocytic anemia

A

normal MCV
most non-regenerative anemias

17
Q

microcytic anemia

A

low MCV
iron/copper deficiency
dyserythropoiesis

18
Q

microcytic anemia

A

high MCV
regenerative anemias

19
Q

normochromic anemia

A

normal MCHC
most non-regenerative anemias

20
Q

hypochromic

A

low MCHC

21
Q

hyperchromic

A

high MCHC
always artifact

22
Q

erythrocytosis/polycythemia

A

HCT/PCV above the normal range

23
Q

erythrocytosis clincal signs

A

sludging of blood
congestion of retinal blood vessels
purple mm
seizures
thrombosis
headaches in people

24
Q

types of erythrocytosis

A

relative
absolute
+/- transient

25
Q

relative erythrocytosis

A

decrease in plasma component of blood
secondary to dehydration
corrected by fluid replacement
most common cause of increased PCV

26
Q

absolute erythrocytosis

A

true increase in RBC due to increased erythropoiesis
corrected by phlebotomy

27
Q

+/- transient erythrocytosis

A

temporary increase in RBC count due to splenic contraction

Clinical Pathology (17 decks)

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