Lab Final Flashcards
What is the equation for cellular respiration? Which are the reactants and which are products?
(Reactants/substrate) Glucose + O2———> (products) CO2+h2o+atp
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in ETC
How did exercise affect your body’s production of carbon dioxide?
Exercise increased carbon dioxide production, because you’re breathing harder & breathing more.
What does DNA’s structure consist of?
Phosphate deoxyribose backbone, nitrogenous base complementary pairings with hydrogen bond (A->T, G->C) making double helix.
Why is DNA replication called semi conservative?
Because it conserves half of the old parental double helix in each new double helix daughter strand.
What was the function of each of the following procedures:
- Filter strawberry slurry through cheesecloth.
- Mush strawberry with salty/soapy solution.
- Initial smashing and grinding of strawberry.
- Addition of ethanol to filtered extract.
- Separate components of the cell.
- Break up proteins and dissolve cell membranes.
- Break open the cells.
- Precipitate DNA from solution.
What are some reasons it is important for scientist to be able to remove DNA from an organism?
Forensic Science, medical research
What happened when you added ethanol to your strawberry extract?
DNA was separated and rose to the top, the DNA was clumped.
What is a gene?
A sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule
Name all of the cycles of cell division.
G1, S phase, G2, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
What is the purpose of the Kinetochore?
Protein molecule that attaches a sister chromatid to a spindle fiber.
What occurs in prophase one in meiosis?
Crossing over
What occurs in telophase 1 in meiosis?
Daughter cells form and going to divide again
What is the name of the organ that produces gametes?
Testes and ovaries
Name of gametes?
Sperm and egg
What is the number of chromosomes in the gametes?
Half, n, haploid
What results and fertilization?
Zygote diploid 2n
What is the chemical reaction of cellular respiration?
C6H12O6+6 O2——->
6CO2+6H2O+36ATP
What is the difference between translation & transcription?
Translation is done in the nucleas & copies the message.
Translation is done on the ribosome and provides the message to make a protein.
What occurs in each phase of interphase?
G1 cellular growth,
S-phase which is DNA replication
G2 prepares for mitosis,more growth
What occurs in the cellular division phases?
Prophase, chromosomes condense, spindles form, nuclear membrane breaks apart, spindles attach to chromosomes.
Metaphase, chromosomes meet in the middle.
Anaphase, chromosomes pull apart.
Telophase, nuclear membrane and nucleus reform, chromosomes de-condense, spindles disappear.
What is cytokinesis?
When they cell breaks apart, forms two identical daughter cells
How many daughter cells are a product of mitosis versus meiosis? And what is the difference between those cells?
Mitosis creates two identical cells.
Meiosis creates four non-identical unique cells.
What type of cells go through the cell cycle with mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis-somatic cells.
Meiosis-germ cells.
Which is the most devastating mutation?
Frameshift.
What is the normal mutagen type?
Wildtype
What is double-stranded, has the deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases T A G C?
DNA
What is the genotype versus the phenotype?
Genotype is the genetic makeup.
phenotype is observable characteristics.
Describe the anatomic position.
Reference position for the human body. Head is erect, eyes open, arm straight and by the sides, palms facing forward, knees straight, feet together, and flat on the ground.
What is a body cavity?
Enclosed space inside the body
What are the four main body cavities?
Cranial, vertebral, thoracic, Abdominopelvic
What are the three sub cavities of the thoracic cavity?
Pleural cavity, mediastinum, and Pericardial
What are the 2 sub-cavities of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Abdominal and pelvic
What does the cranial cavity house?
Brain
What does the vertebral canal house?
The spinal cord
What does the thoracic cavity house?
Heart and lungs
Lungs are located in a specific cavity known as?
Pleural cavities
The heart is located in a specific cavity known as?
Pericardial cavity
What does that mediastinum region house?
Between the plural cavities consisting of heart, esophagus, and vessels
What does the abdominal cavity house?
Stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine and various digestive organs (liver pancreas).
What does the pelvic cavity house?
Terminal part of the large intestines and some of the reproductive organs of the female.
When referring to the left or right regions of a patient, how do you determine which is correct?
Always the patients left or right
What are the abdominal quadrants?
Right upper
left upper
right lower
left lower
What is the symptoms of appendicitis?
Pain in the lower right quadrant or right iliac region
