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Biology 100 > Lab Final > Flashcards

Lab Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration? Which are the reactants and which are products?

A

(Reactants/substrate) Glucose + O2———> (products) CO2+h2o+atp

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2
Q

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in ETC

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3
Q

How did exercise affect your body’s production of carbon dioxide?

A

Exercise increased carbon dioxide production, because you’re breathing harder & breathing more.

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4
Q

What does DNA’s structure consist of?

A

Phosphate deoxyribose backbone, nitrogenous base complementary pairings with hydrogen bond (A->T, G->C) making double helix.

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5
Q

Why is DNA replication called semi conservative?

A

Because it conserves half of the old parental double helix in each new double helix daughter strand.

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6
Q

What was the function of each of the following procedures:

  1. Filter strawberry slurry through cheesecloth.
  2. Mush strawberry with salty/soapy solution.
  3. Initial smashing and grinding of strawberry.
  4. Addition of ethanol to filtered extract.
A
  1. Separate components of the cell.
  2. Break up proteins and dissolve cell membranes.
  3. Break open the cells.
  4. Precipitate DNA from solution.
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7
Q

What are some reasons it is important for scientist to be able to remove DNA from an organism?

A

Forensic Science, medical research

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8
Q

What happened when you added ethanol to your strawberry extract?

A

DNA was separated and rose to the top, the DNA was clumped.

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9
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule

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10
Q

Name all of the cycles of cell division.

A

G1, S phase, G2, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the Kinetochore?

A

Protein molecule that attaches a sister chromatid to a spindle fiber.

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12
Q

What occurs in prophase one in meiosis?

A

Crossing over

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13
Q

What occurs in telophase 1 in meiosis?

A

Daughter cells form and going to divide again

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14
Q

What is the name of the organ that produces gametes?

A

Testes and ovaries

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15
Q

Name of gametes?

A

Sperm and egg

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16
Q

What is the number of chromosomes in the gametes?

A

Half, n, haploid

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17
Q

What results and fertilization?

A

Zygote diploid 2n

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18
Q

What is the chemical reaction of cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6+6 O2——->

6CO2+6H2O+36ATP

19
Q

What is the difference between translation & transcription?

A

Translation is done in the nucleas & copies the message.
Translation is done on the ribosome and provides the message to make a protein.

20
Q

What occurs in each phase of interphase?

A

G1 cellular growth,
S-phase which is DNA replication
G2 prepares for mitosis,more growth

21
Q

What occurs in the cellular division phases?

A

Prophase, chromosomes condense, spindles form, nuclear membrane breaks apart, spindles attach to chromosomes.
Metaphase, chromosomes meet in the middle.
Anaphase, chromosomes pull apart.
Telophase, nuclear membrane and nucleus reform, chromosomes de-condense, spindles disappear.

22
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

When they cell breaks apart, forms two identical daughter cells

23
Q

How many daughter cells are a product of mitosis versus meiosis? And what is the difference between those cells?

A

Mitosis creates two identical cells.

Meiosis creates four non-identical unique cells.

24
Q

What type of cells go through the cell cycle with mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis-somatic cells.

Meiosis-germ cells.

25
Q

Which is the most devastating mutation?

A

Frameshift.

26
Q

What is the normal mutagen type?

A

Wildtype

27
Q

What is double-stranded, has the deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases T A G C?

A

DNA

28
Q

What is the genotype versus the phenotype?

A

Genotype is the genetic makeup.

phenotype is observable characteristics.

29
Q

Describe the anatomic position.

A

Reference position for the human body. Head is erect, eyes open, arm straight and by the sides, palms facing forward, knees straight, feet together, and flat on the ground.

30
Q

What is a body cavity?

A

Enclosed space inside the body

31
Q

What are the four main body cavities?

A

Cranial, vertebral, thoracic, Abdominopelvic

32
Q

What are the three sub cavities of the thoracic cavity?

A

Pleural cavity, mediastinum, and Pericardial

33
Q

What are the 2 sub-cavities of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Abdominal and pelvic

34
Q

What does the cranial cavity house?

A

Brain

35
Q

What does the vertebral canal house?

A

The spinal cord

36
Q

What does the thoracic cavity house?

A

Heart and lungs

37
Q

Lungs are located in a specific cavity known as?

A

Pleural cavities

38
Q

The heart is located in a specific cavity known as?

A

Pericardial cavity

39
Q

What does that mediastinum region house?

A

Between the plural cavities consisting of heart, esophagus, and vessels

40
Q

What does the abdominal cavity house?

A

Stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine and various digestive organs (liver pancreas).

41
Q

What does the pelvic cavity house?

A

Terminal part of the large intestines and some of the reproductive organs of the female.

42
Q

When referring to the left or right regions of a patient, how do you determine which is correct?

A

Always the patients left or right

43
Q

What are the abdominal quadrants?

A

Right upper
left upper
right lower
left lower

44
Q

What is the symptoms of appendicitis?

A

Pain in the lower right quadrant or right iliac region

Biology 100 (14 decks)

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