Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the 5 characteristics of life?
Organization Energy use Maintenance of internal constancy Reproduction, growth, & development Evolution
What is the basic unit of life?
Cells
Explain emergent properties.
Quality that arises from components systems interactions (creates new, complex function). Emergent properties arise at each level of biological organization.
What is organization? Give an example.
Hierarchical pattern
Exp: atoms>molecules>cells>tissues
Name the three types of energy usage of organisms.
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
Define homeostasis.
Process by which organism or cell maintains internal constancy
What are the two types of reproduction? And, what differentiates them?
Asexual-genetic info from one parent. Offspring is almost identical
Sexual-genetic makeup from both parents. New traits begin in offspring.
What is evolution?
Change in genetic makeup of a population over generations.
What is adaption?
Inherited characteristics/behavior that allows successful reproduction/survival in changing environment.
Explain natural selection.
Enhanced reproductive success of certain individuals from a population based on inherited characteristics.
What is taxonomy?
The biological science of naming and classifying organisms.
What are the 2 categories that classify an organism?
Species and genus
What are the 3 domains that organisms are categorized under?
Domain Eukarya
Domain Archaea
Domain Bacteria
Name the 12 stages of organization in order smallest to largest.
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere.
What type of energy is lost when transferred?
Heat
What is a producer? And name an alternate name.
An organism that obtains energy from no living sources.also known as an autotroph.
What is a consumer? And name an alternate title.
Organism that obtains energy from other organisms (dead or alive). Heterotroph
What is a decomposer? And an alternate name?
An organism that obtains energy through dead organisms or organic waste. Heterotroph
Explain asexual reproduction.
Reproduction where genetic info is collected from only one parent. It is most successful in unchanging environments. Offspring is virtually identical. (Mitosis)
Explain sexual reproduction.
Reproduction where genetic info is from two parents. Is successful in changing environments (evolution capable). Mixed genes create offspring unlike either parent.(meiosis)
What is a domain?
Broadest taxonomic category
What are the kingdoms in domain eukarya?
Protista, kingdom animalia, kingdom fungi, kingdom plantae
What types of cells do each domain consist of?
Bacteria- prokaryotic uni cell
Archaea- prokaryotic uni cell
Eukarya- eukarya uni & multi cell
What is scientific method?
Using evidence to answer questions and test ideas.
What is hypothesis?
Tentative explanation for observation
What is prediction?
Idea to satisfy the hypoth
What is a peer review?
Evaluation by independent scientists of experiments/study methods and conclusions.
What is an experiment?
Controlled conditioned investigation
What is a sample size?
Number of individuals being studied.
What is a variable?
Changeable element of experiment
What are 3 variables?
Independent
Dependent
Standardized
Explain what each variables purpose is.
Independent: investigator manipulates
Dependent: what is measured to determine if indepen. influenced outcome (caused result from changes).
Standardized: constant (intentionally left the same)
What is placebo?
Inert (zero, nothing) substance used as an experimental control.
