Ch 1 Body Orientation Flashcards
What are the subdivisions of anatomy?
Gross- regional(local), surface, systematic(whole)
microscopic- cytology(cells), histology(tissue)
developmental-embryology (stages)
What are the essential tools for the study of anatomy?
Anatomical terminology observation (see) manipulation (move) palpation (touch) Auscultation (listen)
What is physiology?
Study at function at many levels
What are the subdivisions of physiology?
Organ systems and pathophysiology
What is pathophysiology?
Relationship between disease and organ system. (Stops working normally)
What are the essential tools for physiology?
Ability to focus at many levels (organization)
basic physical principles
basic chemical principles
Integumentary system
Forms the external body covering
composed of the skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails
protects deep tissues from injury
synthesizes vitamin D
regulates temperature
holds liquid
Skeletal system
Composed of bone, cartilage, and ligaments
Protects and supports body organs
provides the framework for muscles
sight of blood cell formation
stores minerals
Muscular system
Composed of muscles and tendons
allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression
maintains posture
produces heat
Nervous system
Composed of the brain, spinal column, and nerves
response to stimuli by activating muscles and glands
*fast acting control system
Endocrine system
Composed of pineal gland, to Terry gland, I miss, thyroid gland, and during win, pancreas, testes, ovaries
secretes hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism
*slow acting control system
Cardiovascular system
Composed of the heart and blood vessels
heart pumps blood
blood vessels transport blood throughout the body
bring O2 and nutrients to cells
carry CO2 and waste from cells
Lymphatic system or immune
Composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels.
picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood.
disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream.
houses white blood cells involved with immunity.
Respiratory system
*gas exchange
Composed of nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removed carbon dioxide.
Digestive system
Composed of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum,anus, and liver.
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood.
Eliminates indigestible foodstuffs as feces.
