Chapter 6 Cellular respiration Flashcards
The process of using glucose and oxygen to produce ATP is called?
Aerobic respiration-requires organisms to acquire O2 and get rid of CO2
ATP stands for what?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is the chemical reaction for cellular respiration?
(Opposite of photosynthesis)
C6H12O6+6O2—->
6CO2+6H2O+36ATP
ATP is used to do work such as muscle contractions (kinetic energy).
True
What are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration? And where do they occur in eukaryotes?
Glycolysis-cytoplasm
KREBS cycle-mitochon. matrix
ETC-inner membrane cristae
Mitochondria have two phospholipid bilayers called:
Inner membrane & outer membrane
What is the cristae, intermembrane compartment & matrix?
Folds inside that greatly increase surface area of inner membrane
Area between two membranes
Fluid enclosed within inner membrane (kreb cycle)
In bacteria and Archaea, glycolysis,
Kreb, & ETC occur where?
Gly& kreb-cytoplasm
Etc-cell membrane
Glyco-
Lysis-
Sugar
Break
ATP synthesis requires energy ______
Input
Cellular resp __________ energy from glucose in several steps.
Releases
Explain glycolysis
2 ATPs donate a phosphate group to the sugar. Glucose then splits into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate. Each pyruvate acquires another phosphate group & 2 NADHs are produced.Producing net yield of 2 ATP (4 made & 2 spent) and 2 NADH, 2 3-carbons (pyruvate).
What is pyruvate?
Three carbon product of glycolysis
What is NADH & FADH?
Molecule that carries electrons in glycolysis (NADH only) & respiration (both)
Explain The prep step.
Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl coA
As they enter the mitochondria. 2 carbons stripped are exhaled as co2. 2 NADH produced. No ATP is formed here.
Explain the Krebs cycle.
The kreb cycle excepts the acetyl coA, one at a time, running its cycle twice. 4 carbons exhaled as co2 2 atp made 6nadh made (2 elec each) 2 fadh2 made (2 elec each)
What is the total yield of ATP, NADH and FADH2, after Glyco & Krebs cycle?
TOTAL:
4 atp
10 NADH
2 FADH2
(6 co2 exhaled byproduct)
Explain the ETC.
NADH & Fadh2 donate e- to etc. As e- travels through etc, hydrogen ions transport into intermembrane compartment. At end of etc, e- are donated to O2 and forms h2o.
Final e- acceptor is O2. Hydrogen ions move DOWN concen gradient into matrix through ATP synthase, producing ATP.(phosphate added back to adp).
Producing 34 ATP
What is the total ATP of cellular respiration?
36
What is the starting Materials and end products of glycolysis?
Starting is glucose.
End product is 2 pyruvate, 2ATPs, 2 NADH
What is produced in the Prep step?
Pyruvate’s are oxidized to two acetyl coA (3 carbon each)
2 CO2’s are exhaled.
2 NADH
What is the starting materials and end products of the Krebs cycle?
2 acetyl coAs are cycled once each
Producing: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 co2 exhaled
At what point are on the carbons gone?
After Krebs cycle
What is the starting materials and products of the electron transport chain?
10 NADH and 2 fadh drop e- into etc.
Producing: 34 ATP
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
O2 (inhaled)
Electrons are what kind of energy?
Potential
What parts of cellular respiration are anaerobic and aerobic?
Glycolysis is anaerobic
Prep step, Krebs cycle, and ETC are aerobic
Where does each step of cellular respiration occur in an animal cell?
Glycol- cytoplasm
Prep-mitochondria
Krebs-mitochondria
etc-mitochondria embedded inner membrane
What does a glucose molecule look like chemically?
6 carbons with a 1:2:1 ratio c, h and o
C6H12O6
Proteins and fats are also used as energy sources for the cell. True or false?
True.
Starch and glycogen are polysaccharides. True or false?
True.
Explain how a protein is used in cellular respiration.
Proteins are broken down into amino acids and enters CR as pyruvate, acetyl coA, or prep step to the Krebs cycle.
Explain how lipids are used in cellular respiration.
Enzymes in the small intestine digest fat into glycerol and fatty acids. Enzymes convert glycerol to pyruvate. Fatty acids Enter the mitochondria cut into many 2 carbon pieces released as acetyl coA.
These both continue on with cellular respiration at those points.
In the absence of oxygen, a cell can re-create NAD by another pathway called __________.
Fermentation
What are the two types of fermentation?
Alcoholic and lactic acid
Is fermentation anaerobic or aerobic?
Anaerobic
What process of cellular respiration does fermentation take part in?
Glycolysis
What is alcoholic fermentation?
NADH reduces pyruvate to ethanol and CO2. NAD is re-created
What happens in lactic acid fermentation?
NADH reduces pyruvate to lactic acid NAD IS re-created
During fermentation, oxidation of a glucose molecule yields only _____ATP.
2
