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Biology 100 > Chapter 6 Cellular respiration > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Cellular respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The process of using glucose and oxygen to produce ATP is called?

A

Aerobic respiration-requires organisms to acquire O2 and get rid of CO2

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1
Q

ATP stands for what?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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2
Q

What is the chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

A

(Opposite of photosynthesis)

C6H12O6+6O2—->
6CO2+6H2O+36ATP

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3
Q

ATP is used to do work such as muscle contractions (kinetic energy).

A

True

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4
Q

What are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration? And where do they occur in eukaryotes?

A

Glycolysis-cytoplasm
KREBS cycle-mitochon. matrix
ETC-inner membrane cristae

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5
Q

Mitochondria have two phospholipid bilayers called:

A

Inner membrane & outer membrane

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6
Q

What is the cristae, intermembrane compartment & matrix?

A

Folds inside that greatly increase surface area of inner membrane

Area between two membranes

Fluid enclosed within inner membrane (kreb cycle)

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7
Q

In bacteria and Archaea, glycolysis,

Kreb, & ETC occur where?

A

Gly& kreb-cytoplasm

Etc-cell membrane

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8
Q

Glyco-

Lysis-

A

Sugar

Break

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9
Q

ATP synthesis requires energy ______

A

Input

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10
Q

Cellular resp __________ energy from glucose in several steps.

A

Releases

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11
Q

Explain glycolysis

A

2 ATPs donate a phosphate group to the sugar. Glucose then splits into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate. Each pyruvate acquires another phosphate group & 2 NADHs are produced.Producing net yield of 2 ATP (4 made & 2 spent) and 2 NADH, 2 3-carbons (pyruvate).

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12
Q

What is pyruvate?

A

Three carbon product of glycolysis

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13
Q

What is NADH & FADH?

A

Molecule that carries electrons in glycolysis (NADH only) & respiration (both)

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14
Q

Explain The prep step.

A

Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl coA

As they enter the mitochondria. 2 carbons stripped are exhaled as co2. 2 NADH produced. No ATP is formed here.

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15
Q

Explain the Krebs cycle.

A 
The kreb cycle excepts the acetyl coA, one at a time, running its cycle twice.
4 carbons exhaled as co2
2 atp made
6nadh made (2 elec each)
2 fadh2 made (2 elec each)
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16
Q

What is the total yield of ATP, NADH and FADH2, after Glyco & Krebs cycle?

A

TOTAL:
4 atp
10 NADH
2 FADH2

(6 co2 exhaled byproduct)

17
Q

Explain the ETC.

A

NADH & Fadh2 donate e- to etc. As e- travels through etc, hydrogen ions transport into intermembrane compartment. At end of etc, e- are donated to O2 and forms h2o.
Final e- acceptor is O2. Hydrogen ions move DOWN concen gradient into matrix through ATP synthase, producing ATP.(phosphate added back to adp).
Producing 34 ATP

18
Q

What is the total ATP of cellular respiration?

A

36

19
Q

What is the starting Materials and end products of glycolysis?

A

Starting is glucose.

End product is 2 pyruvate, 2ATPs, 2 NADH

20
Q

What is produced in the Prep step?

A

Pyruvate’s are oxidized to two acetyl coA (3 carbon each)

2 CO2’s are exhaled.
2 NADH

21
Q

What is the starting materials and end products of the Krebs cycle?

A

2 acetyl coAs are cycled once each

Producing: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 co2 exhaled

22
Q

At what point are on the carbons gone?

A

After Krebs cycle

23
Q

What is the starting materials and products of the electron transport chain?

A

10 NADH and 2 fadh drop e- into etc.

Producing: 34 ATP

24
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?

A

O2 (inhaled)

25
Q

Electrons are what kind of energy?

A

Potential

26
Q

What parts of cellular respiration are anaerobic and aerobic?

A

Glycolysis is anaerobic

Prep step, Krebs cycle, and ETC are aerobic

27
Q

Where does each step of cellular respiration occur in an animal cell?

A

Glycol- cytoplasm
Prep-mitochondria
Krebs-mitochondria
etc-mitochondria embedded inner membrane

28
Q

What does a glucose molecule look like chemically?

A

6 carbons with a 1:2:1 ratio c, h and o

C6H12O6

29
Q

Proteins and fats are also used as energy sources for the cell. True or false?

A

True.

30
Q

Starch and glycogen are polysaccharides. True or false?

A

True.

31
Q

Explain how a protein is used in cellular respiration.

A

Proteins are broken down into amino acids and enters CR as pyruvate, acetyl coA, or prep step to the Krebs cycle.

32
Q

Explain how lipids are used in cellular respiration.

A

Enzymes in the small intestine digest fat into glycerol and fatty acids. Enzymes convert glycerol to pyruvate. Fatty acids Enter the mitochondria cut into many 2 carbon pieces released as acetyl coA.
These both continue on with cellular respiration at those points.

33
Q

In the absence of oxygen, a cell can re-create NAD by another pathway called __________.

A

Fermentation

34
Q

What are the two types of fermentation?

A

Alcoholic and lactic acid

35
Q

Is fermentation anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Anaerobic

36
Q

What process of cellular respiration does fermentation take part in?

A

Glycolysis

37
Q

What is alcoholic fermentation?

A

NADH reduces pyruvate to ethanol and CO2. NAD is re-created

38
Q

What happens in lactic acid fermentation?

A

NADH reduces pyruvate to lactic acid NAD IS re-created

39
Q

During fermentation, oxidation of a glucose molecule yields only _____ATP.

A

2

Biology 100 (14 decks)

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