Chapter 10 Patterns Of Inheritance

Question 1

Most genes encode proteins for ______?

Answer 1

Enzymes

Question 2

What is a gene?

Answer 2

Portion of DNA that encodes a protein

Question 3

What is an Allele?

Answer 3

An alternative form of genes, arising from mutation

Question 4

What is a genes locus?

Answer 4

Location

Question 5

What is a chromosome?

Answer 5

Long strand of DNA and associated proteins

Question 6

What is homologous pairs?

Answer 6

Chromosomes that look-alike and have the same sequence of genes and location.

Question 7

Gametes cells have how many sets of chromosomes and are called what?

Answer 7

One set of chromosomes, and are haploid

Question 8

What are plants that produce offspring identical to them selves?

Answer 8

True breeding

Homozygous

Question 9

What is homozygous?

Answer 9

Particular gene has identical alleles.

both parents contributed same gene version

Question 10

What does the dominant Allele do?

Answer 10

It exerts effects when ever it’s present

Question 11

What does the recessive Allele do?

Answer 11

Effects are masked if dominant allele is also present

Question 12

What is the genotype?

Answer 12

Genetic makeup

Question 13

What is the phenotype?

Answer 13

Observable characteristics

Question 14

What is homozygous dominant?

Answer 14

Same dominant (purebreed)

Exp: YY

Question 15

What is heterozygous?

Answer 15

Two different alleles for one gene

Exp: Yy

Question 16

What is homozygous recessive?

Answer 16

Same gene recessive

Exp: yy

Question 17

What is a Mono hybrid cross? (Punnett square)

Answer 17

The mating of two individuals that are both heterozygous for one gene.

Exp:
Yy Yy

Question 18

What is a test cross?

Answer 18

Mating an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive.

Question 19

What is Mendels law of segregation?

Answer 19

Two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes. (During meiosis)

Question 20

What is the dihybrid cross?

Answer 20

Mating between two individuals that are heterozygous for two genes.

Question 21

What is Mendels law of independent assortment?

Answer 21

During gamete formation, the segregation of the alleles for one Gene does not influence the segregation of alleles for another Gene.
(Separate)

Question 22

The probability of a crossover event occurring between two linked alleles is proportional to the _______ ________ the ______.

Answer 22

Distance between the genes

Question 23

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 23

Blended, intermediate phenotype, no dominant trait

Think of the flowers

Question 24

What is co- dominance?

Answer 24

Blood type, two different alleles expressed together in the phenotype

Question 25

What is pleiotropy?

Answer 25

When one gene has multiple effects on the phenotype

One gene, many phenotypes

Question 26

What is sex linked?

Answer 26

Alleles controlling phenotypes from the X or Y chromosome

Question 27

Most human sex linked trait are _______.

Answer 27

X linked. Controlled by the genes on the X chromosome.

Question 28

Genetics ________ & ________ inheritance patterns.

Answer 28

Explains & predicts

Question 29

X-linked recessive disorders affect more males or females?

Answer 29

Males

Question 30

What is X in-activation?

Answer 30

Each cell in a female individual randomly inactivates one X chromosome

Question 31

What is a pedigree?

Answer 31

A depiction of family relationships and phenotypes

Question 32

What is autosomal dominant disorder?

Answer 32

(1-22) CAN be inherited by either parent, appears in every generation typically.

Question 33

What is autosomal recessive disorder?

Answer 33

(1-22) person MUST be inherited from both parents. Typically seems to disappear in one generation and reappear in another.

Question 34

Many genes are affected by the __________.

Answer 34

Environment

Question 35

Most inherited traits are polygenic, what is Polygenic?

Answer 35

The phenotype reflects the activities of more than one gene.

An example; skin, Eye color.