Chapter 3

Question 0

What are the three components to cell theory?

Answer 0

1 All organisms are made of one or more cells
2 cells are the fundamental unit of life
3 all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

Smallest unit of life that can function independently

Question 2

What are three types of microscopes?

Answer 2

Light microscopes, transmission and scanning electron microscope’s

Question 3

What are light microscopes ideal for?

Answer 3

Generating TrueColor views for living or preserved cells

Question 4

How does a transmission electron microscope view?

Answer 4

Internal cell structures

Question 5

How does scanning electron microscope view?

Answer 5

Cell surfaces

Question 6

What 6 features do all cells have in common?

Answer 6

DNA RNA ribosomes protein cytoplasm and cell membrane

Question 7

Explain the function of DNA and RNA.

Answer 7

DNA keeps the cells genetic information and RNA participates in the production of proteins

Question 8

Explain the functions of ribosomes and protein.

Answer 8

Ribosomes are structures that manufacture proteins and proteins carry out all cells work.

Question 9

What are the functions of cytoplasm and a cell membrane?

Answer 9

Cytoplasm is fluid that occupies much of the volume of the cell where is the cell membrane is the boundary between the cell and its environment.

Question 10

Why are cells so small?

Answer 10

Their high surface area allows the cell to quickly exchange materials with its surroundings.

Question 11

Name the unique features that distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 11

Eukaryotes have cells with a nucleus and organelles, prokaryote’s lack a nucleus and are much smaller.

Question 12

What is a cell wall?

Answer 12

Surrounds the cell membrane gives it protection and shape.

Question 13

What is flagella?

Answer 13

Tail like appendages that enable the cells to move they are anchored in the cell wall and membrane

Question 14

What features do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Answer 14

They have a cell wall chloroplasts and a central vacuole.

Question 15

Cell membranes are composed of ______?

Answer 15

Phospholipids, which resemble triglycerides. however, the glycerol bonds only to two fatty acid’s instead of three. the third carbon atom bonds to a phosphate group.
Proteins and other molecules.

Question 16

Explain a phospholipid.

Answer 16

Hydrophilic head (polar bonds) attracted to water, carbon and phosphate group. Hydrophobic tails (nonpolar bonds) repel water, fatty acid tails. Spontaneously form bilayers in water. Fluid Mosaic.

Question 17

What is fluid Mosaic?

Answer 17

Diverse molecules drift freely among the phospholipids

Question 18

What are the five membrane proteins and their functions?

Answer 18

Transport proteins- create passageways through which water-soluble molecules and ions pass into or out of the cell.
Enzymes-are proteins facilitate chemical reactions.
Recognition proteins-carbs that attached to the cell surface proteins help the body’s immune system recognize its own cells.
Adhesion proteins-membrane proteins enable cells to stick together.
Receptor proteins- bind to hormones and other molecules outside of the cell to trigger a response inside the cell.

Question 19

The endo membrane system consists of:

Answer 19

Nuclear envelope, ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the cell membrane.

Question 20

What are vesicles?

Answer 20

Pinched off organelles that can fuse with others, transports materials around the inside of the cell