Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are the three components to cell theory?
1 All organisms are made of one or more cells
2 cells are the fundamental unit of life
3 all cells come from pre-existing cells
What is a cell?
Smallest unit of life that can function independently
What are three types of microscopes?
Light microscopes, transmission and scanning electron microscope’s
What are light microscopes ideal for?
Generating TrueColor views for living or preserved cells
How does a transmission electron microscope view?
Internal cell structures
How does scanning electron microscope view?
Cell surfaces
What 6 features do all cells have in common?
DNA RNA ribosomes protein cytoplasm and cell membrane
Explain the function of DNA and RNA.
DNA keeps the cells genetic information and RNA participates in the production of proteins
Explain the functions of ribosomes and protein.
Ribosomes are structures that manufacture proteins and proteins carry out all cells work.
What are the functions of cytoplasm and a cell membrane?
Cytoplasm is fluid that occupies much of the volume of the cell where is the cell membrane is the boundary between the cell and its environment.
Why are cells so small?
Their high surface area allows the cell to quickly exchange materials with its surroundings.
Name the unique features that distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotes have cells with a nucleus and organelles, prokaryote’s lack a nucleus and are much smaller.
What is a cell wall?
Surrounds the cell membrane gives it protection and shape.
What is flagella?
Tail like appendages that enable the cells to move they are anchored in the cell wall and membrane
What features do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
They have a cell wall chloroplasts and a central vacuole.
Cell membranes are composed of ______?
Phospholipids, which resemble triglycerides. however, the glycerol bonds only to two fatty acid’s instead of three. the third carbon atom bonds to a phosphate group.
Proteins and other molecules.
Explain a phospholipid.
Hydrophilic head (polar bonds) attracted to water, carbon and phosphate group. Hydrophobic tails (nonpolar bonds) repel water, fatty acid tails. Spontaneously form bilayers in water. Fluid Mosaic.
What is fluid Mosaic?
Diverse molecules drift freely among the phospholipids
What are the five membrane proteins and their functions?
Transport proteins- create passageways through which water-soluble molecules and ions pass into or out of the cell.
Enzymes-are proteins facilitate chemical reactions.
Recognition proteins-carbs that attached to the cell surface proteins help the body’s immune system recognize its own cells.
Adhesion proteins-membrane proteins enable cells to stick together.
Receptor proteins- bind to hormones and other molecules outside of the cell to trigger a response inside the cell.
The endo membrane system consists of:
Nuclear envelope, ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the cell membrane.
What are vesicles?
Pinched off organelles that can fuse with others, transports materials around the inside of the cell
