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Bacteriology > Lab 9 - Brucella osv > Flashcards

Lab 9 - Brucella osv Flashcards

1
Q

Köster-positive bacteria are red.

A

True

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2
Q

We use 5% sulphuric acid for Köster-staining.

A

False, (we use 0.5% H2SO4)

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3
Q

Glanders (malleus) is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei.

A

False, (by Burkholderia mallei)

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4
Q

Brucella suis biotype 2 can infect the European brown hare.

A

True, and wild boar

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5
Q

Brucella suis is an obligate anaerobic bacterium.

A

False, (obligate aerobic bacterium)

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6
Q

As a result of Köster-staining Brucella abortus is red.

A

True

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7
Q

We use 3% safranin for Köster-staining.

A

True

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8
Q

Brucella abortus is facultative pathogenic bacterium.

A

False, (facultative intra cellular bacterium)

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9
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica can cause pneumonia in rabbits.

A

True

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10
Q

Francisella tularensis can infect humans, causes tularaemia.

A

True

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11
Q

Francisella subspecies can be found in rodents and in arthropods.

A

True

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12
Q

Burkholderia mallei can infect swine.

A

False, (burkholderia pseudomallei)

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13
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces two types of pigments.

A

True, piocianin and fluorescein

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14
Q

Brucella abortus is flagellated bacterium.

A

False, (no flagella)

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15
Q

Brucella melitensis is obligate aerobic bacterium.

A

True

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16
Q

Cattle can be infected by Brucella ovis.

A

False, (sheep)

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17
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is flagellated bacterium species.

A

True, 1 polar flagellum

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18
Q

Burkholder pseudomallei can infect humans.

A

True

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19
Q

During Köster-stainging 3% safranin is used as a counter staining.

A

True

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20
Q

B. suis is a Köster-negative species.

A

False

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21
Q

Brucella species are obligate pathogenic bacteria.

A

True

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22
Q

Moraxella ovis – we can see cocci in pairs in the smear.

A

True

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23
Q

Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularaemia.

A

True

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24
Q

Optimal temperature for culture of Aeromonas hydrophilia is above 28°C.

A

False, (optimal temperature is 28°C)

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25
Q

Human is susceptible to Burkholderia mallei.

A

True

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26
Q

Pseudomonas species are obligate aerobic bacteria.

A

True

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27
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause septicaemia in fur animals.

A

True

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28
Q

B. melitensis, B. abortus and B. canis have a strong relationship in antigenic structure, so
they show cross reactions.

A

False, (B. melitensis - B. abortus - B. suis, cross reaction and B. ovis - B. canis, cross
reaction)

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29
Q

Brucella abortus is a Köster-positive bacterium species.

A

True

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30
Q

Brucella suis has 5 biotypes.

A

True

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31
Q

Brucella species can be found in the infected animals and their direct environment only.

A

True

32
Q

Aeromonas spp. is obligate aerobic bacteria.

A

False, (aerobic and facultative anaerobic)

33
Q

Francisella tularensis need cysteine or cystine for culturing.

A

True

34
Q

B. ovis is a zoonotic agent.

A

False

35
Q

B. mallei is a widespread bacterium in our environment.

A

False, B. (pseudomallei is widespread)

36
Q

B. pseudomallei is not a flagellated bacterium.

A

False, (have flagella)

37
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes otitis externa in rabbits.

A

False, (in dogs, and sometimes cats)

38
Q

Brucella spp. is obligate anaerobic bacteria.

A

False, obligate aerobic

39
Q

Brucella sp. is able to multiple in the environment.

A

False

40
Q

Moraxella ovis can cause pneumonia in calves and sheep.

A

True

41
Q

Cystine or cysteine is needed as an additive for culturing of F. tularensis

A

True

42
Q

A. salmonicida can cause furunculosis in fish.

A

True

43
Q

B. pseudomallei is a flagellated bacterium.

A

True

44
Q

BRUCELLA

  1. Taxonomy
  2. Habitat
  3. Morphology
A
  1. Taxonomy:
    • monospecies system: B. melitensis, within the species biovars
    - B. melitensis biovar abortus 1, 2, 3, ….
    • multispecies system: B. abortus 1, 2, 3, ….
    • both systems are in use
  2. Habitat: infected host
  3. Morphology: 0.6-1.5 µm coccoid rods
45
Q

BRUCELLA

Staining

A 
• Gram negative
• Köster-staining:
 -  3% safranin 3-5 minutes, steam once
 -  0.5% H2SO4
 -  washing
 -  methylene blue 2 min
• modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining
46
Q

BRUCELLA

Culture

A 
• obligate aerobic,
• fastidious (vitamin, yeast extract)
• CO2,
• S-R colonies (at the isolation):
  - S colonies: B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis
  - R colonies: B. canis, B. ovis
• selective culture: polymyxin, bacitracin, cycloheximide,
• (laboratory animals)
47
Q

BRUCELLA

Biochemistry

A
  • catalase +,
  • oxidase +,
  • urease +
48
Q

BRUCELLA

Antigens

A
  • close antigen relationship
  • „S colony type”: B.melitensis-B.abortus-B.suis - cross reaction
  • „R colony type”: B.ovis-B.canis - cross reaction
  • cell wall: A and M polysaccharides: B.melitensis - B.abortus - B.suis
49
Q

BRUCELLA

  1. Groups
  2. Resistance
A
  1. Groups
    - species:
    •phage susceptibility (Tbilisi phage)
    •oxidative metabolism,
    •natural host
    - biotype:
    •CO2 demand,
    •H2S,
    •fuchsin/thionin tolerance,
    •agglutination
  2. Resistance: medium
50
Q

BRUCELLA

Pathogenicity

A
  • facultative intra cellular bacterium
  • B. melitensis: goat, sheep,
  • B. abortus: cattle,
  • B. suis: swine, hare, reindeer, rodents
  • B. pinnipediales: seal, walrus
  • B. ceti: whale, dolphin
  • B. ovis: sheep
  • B. canis: dog,
  • B. neotomae: desert rat
  • B. microti: vole
51
Q

BURKHOLDERIA

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
  4. Culture
  5. Species
A
  1. Habitat: mucous membranes (B. mallei), soil, water, plants (B. pseudomallei)
  2. Morphology: 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella (except B. mallei)
  3. Staining: Gram negative
  4. Culture: not fastidious, obligate aerobic, pigment production
  5. Species: B. mallei, B. pseudomallei
52
Q

Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
  4. Culture
A
  1. Habitat: host
  2. Morphology: 1.5-5 µm rod, no flagella
  3. Staining: irregular
  4. Culture: glycerol supports, no pigment production
53
Q

Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei

  1. Biochemistry
  2. Resistance
  3. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Biochemistry: catalase +, oxidase +, oxidative
  2. Resistance: weak
  3. Pathogenicity:
    • malleus/glanders (horse, donkey),
    • cat,
    • human
54
Q

Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Culture:
  4. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Habitat: soil, water, tropics
  2. Morphology: 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella
  3. Culture: glycerol agar: large colonies, broth: layer, pigment
  4. Pathogenicity:
    • melioidosis
    • swine, cattle, sheep, goat, dog, cat, human
55
Q

PSEUDOMONAS

  1. Habitat
  2. Morpholog
  3. Staining
  4. Culture
  5. Pathogenicity
  6. Species
A
  1. Habitat: mucous membranes, soil, water, plants
  2. Morphology: 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella
  3. Staining: Gram negative
  4. Culture: not fastidious, obligate aerobic, pigment prod.
  5. Pathogenicity: saprophytes – plant pathogens – animal pathogens
  6. Species
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Pseudomonas anguilliseptica
56
Q

P. aeruginosa

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Culture
A
  1. Habitat: environment, water, sewage, gut
  2. Morphology: 1 polar flagellum, polar fimbria
  3. Culture:
    • simple, 5-42 oC,
    • β haemolysis,
    • odour
    • pigments:
    • piocianin
    • fluorescein
  4. Biochemistry: catalase +, oxidase +,
  5. Antigens:
    • O antigen - 27 O antigens, several components
    • H antigens
    • phage typing, pyocin typing
57
Q

P. aeruginosa

6. Resistance

A 
- resistance:
• quaterner NH4 salts,
• amphoteric disinfectants
- susceptibility:
• dehydration,
• heat,
• most disinfectants
58
Q

P. aeruginosa

7. Pathogenicity

A
  • facultative pathogenic,
  • local suppuration,
  • cattle, mare: mastitis, metritis,
  • sheep: dermatitis
  • dog: otitis externa,
  • fur animals: septicaemia
59
Q

P. anguilliseptica

  1. Biochemistry
  2. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Biochemistry: inactive
  2. Pathogenicity:
    • salmon, eel:
    • septicaemia,
    • keratitis,
    • haemorrhages
60
Q

AEROMONAS

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
  4. Culture
A
  1. Habitat: water, sewage, gut
  2. Morphology: 1-4 µm rods, generally flagellated
  3. Staining: Gram negative
  4. Culture: simple, aerobic, facultative anaerobic
61
Q

AEROMONAS

  1. Biochemistry
  2. Groups, species
A
  1. Biochemistry: catalase +, oxidase +
  2. Groups, species
    • „mesophilic aeromonas” species: A. hydrophila
    • „psychrofilic aeromonas” species: A. salmonicida
62
Q

A. hydrophila

  1. Morphology
  2. Culture
  3. Biochemistry
  4. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Morphology: 1-4 µm rods, flagella
  2. Culture: simple, haemolysis, optimal temp. 28 oC
  3. Biochemistry:
    • sometimes gas is produced
    • resembles E. coli
  4. Pathogenicity:
    • facultative pathogenic,
    • fishes, amphibians, reptiles: septicaemia,
    • farm animals: colonisation
63
Q

A. salmonicida

  1. Morphology
  2. Culture
  3. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Morphology: small coccobacillus, no flagella
  2. Culture: optimal temp: 20 oC, dark brown pigment
  3. Pathogenicity:
    • facultative pathogenic
    • fish (Salmonidae): furunculosis
64
Q

FRANCISELLA

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
A
  1. Habitat: rodents, arthropods, (environment)
  2. Morphology: 0.5-2 µm coccoid rods, thin capsule
  3. Staining: Gram negative, bipolar
65
Q

FRANCISELLA

4. Culture

A
  • Culture:
    • aerobic, fastidious,
    • additives: protein, cystein, cystin, yeast extract
  • Media:
    • Francis-blood agar: cystein–glucose–rabbit serum
    • cystein – glucose – egg
66
Q

FRANCISELLA

  1. Biochemistry
  2. Antigens
A 
5. Biochemistry:
• catalase +, oxidase -
• glycerol
 \+: F. tularensis subsp. tularensis
 -: F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (palaearctica)
 \+: F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica
6. Antigens:
• uniform,
• cross reactions: Brucella spp., Y. pestis
67
Q

FRANCISELLA

  1. Resistance
  2. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Resistance: weak, good survival in cold

8. Pathogenicity: tularaemia: rodents, dog, cat, cattle, swine, sheep, human

68
Q

BORDETELLA

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
  4. Culture
  5. Biochemistry
A
  1. Habitat: resp. mucous mem. (mammals, birds)
  2. Morphology: 2-3 µm rods
  3. Staining: Gram negative
  4. Culture: obligate aerobic
  5. Biochemistry: catalase +, oxidase +, cannot utilise carbs
69
Q

BORDETELLA

6. Species

A
  • B. pertussis: human pertussis
  • B. parapertussis: human parapertussis
  • B. bronchiseptica
  • B. avium
70
Q

B. bronchiseptica:

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Culture
A
  1. Habitat: mucous mem., resp. (swine, dog, cat, horse, rabbit)
  2. Morphology: rods, fimbria
  3. Culture:
    • simple,
    • growth on media containing only citrate
    • selective isolation: crystal violet, bile salts, penicillin, nitrofurantoin
71
Q

B. bronchiseptica:

  1. Biochemistry
  2. Antigens
A
  1. Biochemistry: cytotoxins, dermonecrotoxin
  2. Antigens: several O, K, H and fimbria antigens
  3. Resistance: medium
72
Q

B. bronchiseptica:

7. Pathogenicity

A
  • facultative pathogenic,
  • swine: atrophic rhinitis (with P. multocida),
  • rabbit: pneumonia
  • dog: complication to distemper,
  • cat: bronchitis, bronchopneumonia
73
Q

B. avium:

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Culture
  4. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Habitat: poultry respiratory tract
  2. Morphology: capsule, flagella, fimbria
  3. Culture: simple
  4. Biochemistry: cytotoxins, dermonecrotoxin
  5. Pathogenicity: avian bordetellosis (coryza-like), chicken
74
Q

MORAXELLA

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
  4. Resistance
  5. Subgenera
  6. Species
A
  1. Habitat: mucous mem (upper resp. way, conjunctiva)
  2. Morphology: 1-3 µm coccoid rods, capsule, pairs
  3. Staining: Gram negative
  4. Resistance: weak
  5. Subgenera: Moraxella, Branhamella
  6. Species:
    • M. (M.) lacunata: human kerato-conjunctivitis
    • M.(M.) bovis
    • M. (B.) ovis
75
Q

M.(M.) bovis:

  1. Morphology
  2. Culture
  3. Biochemistry
  4. Antigens
  5. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Morphology: rods in pairs, fimbria
  2. Culture: fastidious, blood agar, β haemolysis
  3. Biochemistry:
    • catalase +, oxidase +,
    • extra cellular enzymes: proteases, hyaluronidase, fibrinolysine
  4. Antigens: fimbria 7 groups
  5. Pathogenicity: cattle infectious kerato-conjunctivitis (pink eye)
76
Q

M. (B.) ovis:

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Pathogenicity
A

M. (B.) ovis:
1. Habitat: sheep, calf: conjunctiva, nasal cavity
2. Morphology: cocci in pairs, fimbriae on some of them
3. Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic,
• keratoconjunctivitis of sheep, goats and young calves

Bacteriology (14 decks)

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