Lab 9 - Brucella osv Flashcards
1
Q
Köster-positive bacteria are red.
A
True
2
Q
We use 5% sulphuric acid for Köster-staining.
A
False, (we use 0.5% H2SO4)
3
Q
Glanders (malleus) is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei.
A
False, (by Burkholderia mallei)
4
Q
Brucella suis biotype 2 can infect the European brown hare.
A
True, and wild boar
5
Q
Brucella suis is an obligate anaerobic bacterium.
A
False, (obligate aerobic bacterium)
6
Q
As a result of Köster-staining Brucella abortus is red.
A
True
7
Q
We use 3% safranin for Köster-staining.
A
True
8
Q
Brucella abortus is facultative pathogenic bacterium.
A
False, (facultative intra cellular bacterium)
9
Q
Bordetella bronchiseptica can cause pneumonia in rabbits.
A
True
10
Q
Francisella tularensis can infect humans, causes tularaemia.
A
True
11
Q
Francisella subspecies can be found in rodents and in arthropods.
A
True
12
Q
Burkholderia mallei can infect swine.
A
False, (burkholderia pseudomallei)
13
Q
Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces two types of pigments.
A
True, piocianin and fluorescein
14
Q
Brucella abortus is flagellated bacterium.
A
False, (no flagella)
15
Q
Brucella melitensis is obligate aerobic bacterium.
A
True
16
Q
Cattle can be infected by Brucella ovis.
A
False, (sheep)
17
Q
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is flagellated bacterium species.
A
True, 1 polar flagellum
18
Q
Burkholder pseudomallei can infect humans.
A
True
19
Q
During Köster-stainging 3% safranin is used as a counter staining.
A
True
20
Q
B. suis is a Köster-negative species.
A
False
21
Q
Brucella species are obligate pathogenic bacteria.
A
True
22
Q
Moraxella ovis – we can see cocci in pairs in the smear.
A
True
23
Q
Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularaemia.
A
True
24
Q
Optimal temperature for culture of Aeromonas hydrophilia is above 28°C.
A
False, (optimal temperature is 28°C)
25
Human is susceptible to Burkholderia mallei.
True
26
Pseudomonas species are obligate aerobic bacteria.
True
27
Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause septicaemia in fur animals.
True
28
B. melitensis, B. abortus and B. canis have a strong relationship in antigenic structure, so
they show cross reactions.
False, (B. melitensis - B. abortus - B. suis, cross reaction and B. ovis - B. canis, cross
reaction)
29
Brucella abortus is a Köster-positive bacterium species.
True
30
Brucella suis has 5 biotypes.
True
31
Brucella species can be found in the infected animals and their direct environment only.
True
32
Aeromonas spp. is obligate aerobic bacteria.
False, (aerobic and facultative anaerobic)
33
Francisella tularensis need cysteine or cystine for culturing.
True
34
B. ovis is a zoonotic agent.
False
35
B. mallei is a widespread bacterium in our environment.
False, B. (pseudomallei is widespread)
36
B. pseudomallei is not a flagellated bacterium.
False, (have flagella)
37
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes otitis externa in rabbits.
False, (in dogs, and sometimes cats)
38
Brucella spp. is obligate anaerobic bacteria.
False, obligate aerobic
39
Brucella sp. is able to multiple in the environment.
False
40
Moraxella ovis can cause pneumonia in calves and sheep.
True
41
Cystine or cysteine is needed as an additive for culturing of F. tularensis
True
42
A. salmonicida can cause furunculosis in fish.
True
43
B. pseudomallei is a flagellated bacterium.
True
44
BRUCELLA
1. Taxonomy
2. Habitat
3. Morphology
1. Taxonomy:
• monospecies system: B. melitensis, within the species biovars
- B. melitensis biovar abortus 1, 2, 3, ….
• multispecies system: B. abortus 1, 2, 3, ….
• both systems are in use
2. Habitat: infected host
3. Morphology: 0.6-1.5 µm coccoid rods
45
BRUCELLA
| Staining
```
• Gram negative
• Köster-staining:
- 3% safranin 3-5 minutes, steam once
- 0.5% H2SO4
- washing
- methylene blue 2 min
• modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining
```
46
BRUCELLA
| Culture
```
• obligate aerobic,
• fastidious (vitamin, yeast extract)
• CO2,
• S-R colonies (at the isolation):
- S colonies: B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis
- R colonies: B. canis, B. ovis
• selective culture: polymyxin, bacitracin, cycloheximide,
• (laboratory animals)
```
47
BRUCELLA
| Biochemistry
* catalase +,
* oxidase +,
* urease +
48
BRUCELLA
| Antigens
* close antigen relationship
* „S colony type”: B.melitensis-B.abortus-B.suis - cross reaction
* „R colony type”: B.ovis-B.canis - cross reaction
* cell wall: A and M polysaccharides: B.melitensis - B.abortus - B.suis
49
BRUCELLA
1. Groups
2. Resistance
1. Groups
- species:
•phage susceptibility (Tbilisi phage)
•oxidative metabolism,
•natural host
- biotype:
•CO2 demand,
•H2S,
•fuchsin/thionin tolerance,
•agglutination
2. Resistance: medium
50
BRUCELLA
| Pathogenicity
* facultative intra cellular bacterium
* B. melitensis: goat, sheep,
* B. abortus: cattle,
* B. suis: swine, hare, reindeer, rodents
* B. pinnipediales: seal, walrus
* B. ceti: whale, dolphin
* B. ovis: sheep
* B. canis: dog,
* B. neotomae: desert rat
* B. microti: vole
51
BURKHOLDERIA
1. Habitat
2. Morphology
3. Staining
4. Culture
5. Species
1. Habitat: mucous membranes (B. mallei), soil, water, plants (B. pseudomallei)
2. Morphology: 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella (except B. mallei)
3. Staining: Gram negative
4. Culture: not fastidious, obligate aerobic, pigment production
5. Species: B. mallei, B. pseudomallei
52
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei
1. Habitat
2. Morphology
3. Staining
4. Culture
1. Habitat: host
2. Morphology: 1.5-5 µm rod, no flagella
3. Staining: irregular
4. Culture: glycerol supports, no pigment production
53
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei
5. Biochemistry
6. Resistance
7. Pathogenicity
5. Biochemistry: catalase +, oxidase +, oxidative
6. Resistance: weak
7. Pathogenicity:
• malleus/glanders (horse, donkey),
• cat,
• human
54
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei
1. Habitat
2. Morphology
3. Culture:
4. Pathogenicity
1. Habitat: soil, water, tropics
2. Morphology: 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella
3. Culture: glycerol agar: large colonies, broth: layer, pigment
4. Pathogenicity:
• melioidosis
• swine, cattle, sheep, goat, dog, cat, human
55
PSEUDOMONAS
1. Habitat
2. Morpholog
3. Staining
4. Culture
5. Pathogenicity
6. Species
1. Habitat: mucous membranes, soil, water, plants
2. Morphology: 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella
3. Staining: Gram negative
4. Culture: not fastidious, obligate aerobic, pigment prod.
5. Pathogenicity: saprophytes – plant pathogens – animal pathogens
6. Species
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Pseudomonas anguilliseptica
56
P. aeruginosa
1. Habitat
2. Morphology
3. Culture
1. Habitat: environment, water, sewage, gut
2. Morphology: 1 polar flagellum, polar fimbria
3. Culture:
• simple, 5-42 oC,
• β haemolysis,
• odour
• pigments:
• piocianin
• fluorescein
4. Biochemistry: catalase +, oxidase +,
5. Antigens:
• O antigen - 27 O antigens, several components
• H antigens
• phage typing, pyocin typing
57
P. aeruginosa
| 6. Resistance
```
- resistance:
• quaterner NH4 salts,
• amphoteric disinfectants
- susceptibility:
• dehydration,
• heat,
• most disinfectants
```
58
P. aeruginosa
| 7. Pathogenicity
* facultative pathogenic,
* local suppuration,
* cattle, mare: mastitis, metritis,
* sheep: dermatitis
* dog: otitis externa,
* fur animals: septicaemia
59
P. anguilliseptica
1. Biochemistry
2. Pathogenicity
1. Biochemistry: inactive
2. Pathogenicity:
• salmon, eel:
• septicaemia,
• keratitis,
• haemorrhages
60
AEROMONAS
1. Habitat
2. Morphology
3. Staining
4. Culture
1. Habitat: water, sewage, gut
2. Morphology: 1-4 µm rods, generally flagellated
3. Staining: Gram negative
4. Culture: simple, aerobic, facultative anaerobic
61
AEROMONAS
5. Biochemistry
6. Groups, species
5. Biochemistry: catalase +, oxidase +
6. Groups, species
• „mesophilic aeromonas” species: A. hydrophila
• „psychrofilic aeromonas” species: A. salmonicida
62
A. hydrophila
1. Morphology
2. Culture
3. Biochemistry
4. Pathogenicity
1. Morphology: 1-4 µm rods, flagella
2. Culture: simple, haemolysis, optimal temp. 28 oC
3. Biochemistry:
• sometimes gas is produced
• resembles E. coli
4. Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic,
• fishes, amphibians, reptiles: septicaemia,
• farm animals: colonisation
63
A. salmonicida
1. Morphology
2. Culture
3. Pathogenicity
1. Morphology: small coccobacillus, no flagella
2. Culture: optimal temp: 20 oC, dark brown pigment
3. Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic
• fish (Salmonidae): furunculosis
64
FRANCISELLA
1. Habitat
2. Morphology
3. Staining
1. Habitat: rodents, arthropods, (environment)
2. Morphology: 0.5-2 µm coccoid rods, thin capsule
3. Staining: Gram negative, bipolar
65
FRANCISELLA
| 4. Culture
- Culture:
• aerobic, fastidious,
• additives: protein, cystein, cystin, yeast extract
- Media:
• Francis-blood agar: cystein–glucose–rabbit serum
• cystein – glucose – egg
66
FRANCISELLA
5. Biochemistry
6. Antigens
```
5. Biochemistry:
• catalase +, oxidase -
• glycerol
+: F. tularensis subsp. tularensis
-: F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (palaearctica)
+: F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica
6. Antigens:
• uniform,
• cross reactions: Brucella spp., Y. pestis
```
67
FRANCISELLA
7. Resistance
8. Pathogenicity
7. Resistance: weak, good survival in cold
| 8. Pathogenicity: tularaemia: rodents, dog, cat, cattle, swine, sheep, human
68
BORDETELLA
1. Habitat
2. Morphology
3. Staining
4. Culture
5. Biochemistry
1. Habitat: resp. mucous mem. (mammals, birds)
2. Morphology: 2-3 µm rods
3. Staining: Gram negative
4. Culture: obligate aerobic
5. Biochemistry: catalase +, oxidase +, cannot utilise carbs
69
BORDETELLA
| 6. Species
* B. pertussis: human pertussis
* B. parapertussis: human parapertussis
* B. bronchiseptica
* B. avium
70
B. bronchiseptica:
1. Habitat
2. Morphology
3. Culture
1. Habitat: mucous mem., resp. (swine, dog, cat, horse, rabbit)
2. Morphology: rods, fimbria
3. Culture:
• simple,
• growth on media containing only citrate
• selective isolation: crystal violet, bile salts, penicillin, nitrofurantoin
71
B. bronchiseptica:
4. Biochemistry
5. Antigens
4. Biochemistry: cytotoxins, dermonecrotoxin
5. Antigens: several O, K, H and fimbria antigens
6. Resistance: medium
72
B. bronchiseptica:
| 7. Pathogenicity
* facultative pathogenic,
* swine: atrophic rhinitis (with P. multocida),
* rabbit: pneumonia
* dog: complication to distemper,
* cat: bronchitis, bronchopneumonia
73
B. avium:
1. Habitat
2. Morphology
3. Culture
5. Pathogenicity
1. Habitat: poultry respiratory tract
2. Morphology: capsule, flagella, fimbria
3. Culture: simple
4. Biochemistry: cytotoxins, dermonecrotoxin
5. Pathogenicity: avian bordetellosis (coryza-like), chicken
74
MORAXELLA
1. Habitat
2. Morphology
3. Staining
4. Resistance
5. Subgenera
6. Species
1. Habitat: mucous mem (upper resp. way, conjunctiva)
2. Morphology: 1-3 µm coccoid rods, capsule, pairs
3. Staining: Gram negative
4. Resistance: weak
5. Subgenera: Moraxella, Branhamella
6. Species:
• M. (M.) lacunata: human kerato-conjunctivitis
• M.(M.) bovis
• M. (B.) ovis
75
M.(M.) bovis:
1. Morphology
2. Culture
3. Biochemistry
4. Antigens
5. Pathogenicity
1. Morphology: rods in pairs, fimbria
2. Culture: fastidious, blood agar, β haemolysis
3. Biochemistry:
• catalase +, oxidase +,
• extra cellular enzymes: proteases, hyaluronidase, fibrinolysine
4. Antigens: fimbria 7 groups
5. Pathogenicity: cattle infectious kerato-conjunctivitis (pink eye)
76
M. (B.) ovis:
1. Habitat
2. Morphology
3. Pathogenicity
M. (B.) ovis:
1. Habitat: sheep, calf: conjunctiva, nasal cavity
2. Morphology: cocci in pairs, fimbriae on some of them
3. Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic,
• keratoconjunctivitis of sheep, goats and young calves
