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Bacteriology > Lab 2 - Bacillus, Clostridium > Flashcards

Lab 2 - Bacillus, Clostridium Flashcards

1
Q

Bacillus habitat

A
  • diseased animals (vegetative)

- environment (spore)

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2
Q

Bacillus morphology/resistance

A
  • 4-5 µm rod, central spore
  • capsule
  • no flagella
  • R: vegetative bacterium: several days in a carcass
  • 56°C: 15 min
  • spore
  • boiling: 5-10 min, formalin: 12-24 h
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3
Q

Bacillus staining

A
  • Gram-positive

- toluidine-blue

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4
Q

Bacillus culture

A

-simple (nutrient broth or agar, blood agar, air,
37°C)
-R-S colonies
-capsule: poly-D-glutamic acid
-plasmid encoded spore – for spore formation: at least 15°C, water, oxygen, cations are needed
-37°C: finished during 16 hours
-18°C: it will start after 50 hours

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5
Q

Bacillus biochemistry/antigens

A
  • active metabolism, catalase +, oxidase -
  • Ag: capsule - saprophytes, polysaccharide hapten: heat stabile
  • Ascoli test, B. cereus – cross reaction!
  • oedema factor
  • lethal factor
  • protective Ag
  • Ascoli thermoprecipitation test: for detection of B.anthracis heat stable cell wall Ag.
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6
Q

Bacillus pathogenicity

A
  • mammals (mainly herbivorous animals)
  • Cattle, sheep: fatal peracut or acut septicaemic anthrax
  • Pigs: subacute anthrax with oedematous swelling in pharyngeal region, an intestinal form with higher mortality is less common
  • Horses: subacute anthrax with localised oedema, septicaemia with colic and enteritis sometimes occur
  • Humans: skin, pulmonary and intestinal forms of anthrax
  • Carnivores are comparatively resistant, birds are totally resistant
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7
Q

Bacillus species

A

-B.cereus
*Cattle: mastitis (rare)
*Humans: food poisoning, eye infections
-B.licheniformis: cattle, sheep: sporadic abortion
-Paenibacillus larvae: honey bees: American foulbrood
Saprophyte Bacilli:
-B.subtilis
-B.megaterium
-B.cereus
-B.licheniformis: bacitracin
-B.thuringiensis: insect pathogen, pest-control (moth)
-Paenibacillus (B.)polymyxa: polymyxins
-Geobacillus (B.)stearothermophilus: heat resistant test organism

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8
Q

B.anthracis

  1. Flagella
  2. Capsule prod. in air
  3. Haemolysis
  4. Pathogenecity
A
  1. Flagella: no
  2. Capsule prod. in air: no
  3. Haemolysis: no
  4. Pathogenecity: yes
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9
Q

Clostridium habitat

A
  • soil
  • mud
  • water
  • gut
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10
Q

Clostridium morphology/resistance

A
  • 7-10 µm rod
  • Flagella (exc. C.perfr.)
  • Spore (terminal, subterminal, central)
  • no capsule (exc. C.perfr.)
  • R: Vegetative: (like Gr+)
  • Spore: (in dry specimens: for years)
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11
Q

Clostridium staining

A

Gram-positive

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12
Q

Clostridium culture

A
  • anaerobic
  • oxygen tolerance different:
    (c. tetani, c. novyi b: strict)
    (c. histolyticum, c. botulinum: can tolerate o2)
  • nutrient agar
  • blood agar
  • optimal temperature: 37oc
  • 40-45oc - c.perfringens
  • 15-22oc - c.putrefaciens
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13
Q

Clostridium biochemistry/antigens

A
  • catalase –, oxidase -
  • OF: fermentative
  • active metabolism, carbohydrates are fermented
    (exc. C. tetani, C. histolyticum)
  • proteolytic: C. tetani, C. histolyticum, C. botulinum
  • exotoxins (toxin, toxoid or anatoxin, antitoxin)
  • Ag: complex, close relationship
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14
Q

Clostridium pathogenicity

A
  • gas gangrenic diseases:
    1. malignant oedema (cattle, pigs, sheep): C.septicum, C.novyi, C.haemolyticum, C.histolyticum, C.sordellii
    2. Blackleg (cattle, sheep): C. chauvoei
    3. human gas gangrene: C.perfringens A, C.novyi A
  • enterotoxaemic diseases:
    1. necrotic enteritis of chicken: C.perfringens A/C
    2. lamb dysentery: C.perfringens B
    3. necrotic enteritis of pigs, struck of sheep: C.perfringens C
    4. pulpy kidney disease of sheep: C.perfringens D
    5. ulcerative enteritis of chicken: C.colinum
  • intoxications
    1. tetanus: C.tetani
    2. botulism: C.botulinum
  • C.septicum
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15
Q

C.septicum

A
  • culture: nutrient agar
  • toxins: alpha (haemolytic, necrotizing, lethal), beta (DN-ase), gamma (hyaluronidase), delta (haemolysin)
  • cattle, pig, sheep: malignant oedema
  • sheep and calves: braxy (abomasitis)
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16
Q

The vegetative bacteria of the B. anthracis are widely distributed in the normal intestinal flora and on the mucosal surfaces of domestic animals, especially ruminants.

A

False

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17
Q

Bacillus anthracis is an obligate aerobic bacterium, but for the capsule forming CO2 is also required.

A

True

18
Q

There are cross reactions with Bacillus cereus by using of Ascoli-test to detect Bacillus anthracis.

A

True

19
Q

Horses are resistant to Bacillus anthracis

A

False

20
Q

B.anthracis and B.cereus can be differentiated by their haemolysis

A

True ?

21
Q

The pulpy kidney disease (sheep enterotoxaemia) and the necrotic enteritis of chickens are caused by the same bacterium species

A

True

22
Q

Bacillus thüringiensis is the causative agent of American foulbrood of hoenybees.

A

False (Paenibacillus (Bacillus) larvae)

23
Q

One causative agent of malignant edema is C.histiolyticum

A

True

24
Q

C.perfringens belongs to the group of the neurotoxic Clostridia

A

False (enterotoxaemic disease)

25
Q

The toxin of the C.botulinum is quite resistant to heat treatment.

A

True

26
Q

There are no cross reactions by using Ascoli-test to detect B.anthracis

A

False (w. B.cereus)

27
Q

The pulpy kidney disease and the necrotic enteritis of piglets are caused by the same bacterium species.

A

True

28
Q

Paenobacillus polymixa is the causative agent of American foulbrood of honeybees.

A

False (Paenibacillus (Bacillus) larvae)

29
Q

One causative agent of blackleg is C.haemolyticum.

A

False (C. chauvoei)

30
Q

C.perfringens belongs to the group of the histotoxic Clostridia.

A

True

31
Q

The toxin of the C.botulinum causes rigid paralysis especially to water birds, like ducks.

A

True

32
Q

The spores of B.anthracis are widely distributed in the soil and natural water of endemic areas.

A

?

33
Q

A B.anthracis is an obligate anaerobic bacterium, O2 is needed only for the spore prod.

A

False (aerobic)

34
Q

By using toluidine blue staining in a smear of B.anthracis, we can see pink rods in chains surrounded by blue capsular material.

A

True ?

35
Q

C.difficile belongs to the group of the histotoxic Clostridia.

A

False

36
Q

The necrotic enteritis in chicken and the calf enterotoxaemia are caused by the same bacterium species

A

False (not calf)

37
Q

The causative agent of the lamb dysentery is a flagellated bacterium.

A

True

38
Q

The causative agent of malignant edema is C.difficile.

A

False

39
Q

The toxin of the C.tetani causes flaccid paralysis.

A

False (C. botulinum)

40
Q

C.piliforme cannot be cultured on artificial media.

A

True

Bacteriology (14 decks)

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