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Bacteriology > Lab 3 - Coccus > Flashcards

Lab 3 - Coccus Flashcards

1
Q

As a first step of gram staining we stain and smear the smear with methylene-blue for 3-5 min

A

False (with crystal violet)

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2
Q

Fixation of the smear is carried out with 96% ethanol during gram staining

A

True

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3
Q

Gram-positive bacteria stain red as a result of gram staining

A

False (stain pruple)

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4
Q

Lactobacillus are facultative pathogenic bacteria

A

False (not pathogenic)

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5
Q

We can differentiate staphylococci from streptococci on the base of oxidase production

A

False

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6
Q

We can differentiate micrococci from streptococci on the base of catalase production

A

False

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7
Q

Stranglers of horse is caused by streptococcus eqourum

A

False (caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi)

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8
Q

Morel disease is caused by Staphylococcus pesudointermedius

A

False (caused by Staphylococcus areus subsp. anaerobius)

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9
Q

Staphylococcus can tolerate high (up to 10%) NaCl conc.

A

True

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10
Q

Staphylococcus are more fastidious than Streptococci

A

False

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11
Q

Staphylococcus have capsule, but no flagella

A

False

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12
Q

Staphylococcus are non spore forming bacteria

A

True

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13
Q

Staphylococcus show active motility

A

False

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14
Q

Staphylococcus cannot grow on nutrient agar, they need blood agar

A

False

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15
Q

Streptococci are catalase neg. bacteria

A

True

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16
Q

Fixation of bacteria during gram staining is carried out with 96$ ethanol

A

True

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17
Q

Greasy pig disease is caused by Staphylococcus suis

A

False (caused by Streptococcus hyicus)

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18
Q

Stranglers of horses is caused by Staphylococcus equi

A

False (caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi)

19
Q

Morel disease is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

A

False (caused by Staphylococcus areus subsp. anaerobius)

20
Q

Streptococcus have capsule, but no flagella

A

True

21
Q

Staphylococcus

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
A 
1. Habitat:
• skin,
• mucous membrane,
• food, plant,
• soil,
• water
2. Morphology: coccus, bunch of grape
3. Staining: Gram positive
22
Q

Gram staining

A
  • crystal violet: 3-5 minutes
  • Lugol solution: 1-1.5 minutes
  • 96% alcohol: some drops
  • water
  • fuchsin: 0.5-1 minutes
  • water
  • drying
23
Q

Staphylococcus Culture

  1. Type of culture?
  2. Pigments?
  3. Haemolysis?
  4. Selective culture types?
A
  1. simple: nutrient agar, nutrient broth
  2. pigment: golden, white
  3. haemolysis:
    - β haemolysis (in some sp double haemolysis)
    - no haemolysis
  4. selective culture:
    - 10% NaCl – mannitol - phenol red agar,
    - Na-tellurite – glycine - pyruvic acid – egg (Baird-Parker agar)
24
Q

Staphylococcus Biochemistry:

  1. Catalase/oxidase?
  2. Fermentative?
  3. EC enzymes?
  4. Surface proteins?
  5. Toxins?
A
  1. Catalase: +, oxidase: -
  2. Fermentative
  3. Extracellular enzymes: coagulase, fibrinolysin, hyaluronidase…
  4. Surface proteins: Protein-A
  5. Toxins: haemolysins, leucocidins, enterotoxins, dermotoxin
25
Q

Staphylococcus:

  1. Antigens
  2. Resistance
  3. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Antigens: complex
  2. Resistance: good
  3. Pathogenicity:
    • local suppuration,
    • abscesses,
    • arthritis,
    • mastitis,
    • metritis,
    • dermatitis
    • septicaemia
26
Q 
Staphylococcus:
Species: coagulase positive species
1. extracellular enzymes?
2. toxins?
3. haemolysis?
4. mannitol + or - ?
5. pathogens?
6. Species names?
A
  1. extracellular enzymes
  2. toxins
  3. haemolysis
  4. mannitol +
  5. facultative pathogens
  6. Species names:
    -S. aureus susp. aureus: cattle, swine, horse, sheep, dog, poultry etc.
    •MRSA: methicillin resistant S. aureus
    -S. aureus subsp. anaerobius: sheep; Morel disease
    -S. pseudointermedius: dog, cat; dermatitis, otitis externa
    •S. intermedius: dog, horse, birds; mucous membranes
    •saprophyte
27
Q 
Staphylococcus:
Species: coagulase negative species
1. extracellular enzymes?
2. toxins?
3. haemolysis?
4. mannitol + or - ?
5. pathogens?
6. Species names?
A
  1. less extracellular enzymes
  2. toxin prod is not typical
  3. no haemolysis
  4. mannitol –
  5. generelly saprophytes, sometimes subclinical infection
    •S. epidermidis: wound infection (horse, dog)
    •S. haemolyticus: milk
    •S. hyicus (part of strains is coagulase+): exudative epidermitis - Greasy pig disease
    •S. gallinarum: dermatitis
    •S. equorum: dermatitis
    •S. felis: dermatitis
28
Q

Micrococcus

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Biochemistry
  4. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Habitat: environment, mucous membrane, food, skin
  2. Morphology: coccus
  3. Biochemistry: glycose utilisation is aerobic or missing
  4. Pathogenicity: saprophyte
29
Q

Streptococcus

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
A
  1. Habitat: skin, mucous membrane, food, milk, digestive track
  2. Morphology: coccus, chain
    • capsule: hyaluridic acid, polysaccharide (some species)
  3. Staining: Gram positive
30
Q

Streptococcus

4. Culture

A
  • fastidious: blood agar, serum agar
  • selective culture: crystal violet, thallium-SO4, esculin, blood (Edwards)
  • haemolysis α −, β −haemolysis, no haemolysis
31
Q

Streptococcus - Biochemistry

  1. Catalase/oxidase?
  2. Fermentative?
  3. Utilisation of glycosides?
  4. Extra cellular enzymes?
  5. Toxins?
A
  1. catalase -, oxidase -
  2. fermentatíve
  3. utilisation of glycosides: esculin, salicin
  4. extra cellular enzymes: fibrinolysin, hyaluronidase, nucleases, proteases
  5. toxins
32
Q

Streptococcus:

6. Antigens

A
  • complex
  • Lancefield A-W
  • other type specific antigens
  • capsule antigens (S. suis, S. pneumoniae)
33
Q

Streptococcus:

  1. Resistance
  2. Pathgenicity
  3. Grouping
A
  1. Resistance: good
  2. Pathgenicity:
    • local suppuration,
    • metritis, mastitis, arthritis,
    • septicaemia,
    • strangles,
    • pneumonic diseases
  3. Grouping: haemolysis, biochemical characteristics, antigens
34
Q

Streptococcus:

10. Species

A

• S. pyogenes: capsule, toxin,
•human: scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
• S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis: cow, ruminants -mastitis
•S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis: lymphadenitis, abortion (horse)
•S. equi:
-subsp. equi: horse strangles
-subsp. zooepidemicus: suppuration, septicaemia, mastitis, abortion
• S. suis: septicaemia, arthritis, meningitis
• S. porcinus: lymphadenitis, abscesses
• S. canis: metritis, neonatal septicaemia
• S. bovis: septicaemia (pigeon)
• S. salivarius, S. sanguis, S. mutans: oral streptococci
• S. pneumoniae: calf, foal, human: pneumonia, meningitis

35
Q

Enterococcus

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Culture
A
  1. Habitat: Gut
  2. Morphology: some isolates are motile
  3. Culture:
    - Tolerate bile salt
    - MacConkey agar
    - 10-45 oC, pH 9,6, Lancefield D
    - alpha-hemolysis
36
Q

Enterococcus

  1. Species
  2. Pathogenecity
  3. Biochemistry
A

4.Species:
• E. faecalis
• E. faecium
• E. avium
• E. gallinarum
5. Pathogenecity: mainly saprophytes, sometimes endocarditis and abscesses
6. Biochemistry: Previosly in group D Streptococci since they posess the group D cell wall antigen

37
Q

Lactococcus

  1. Habitat
  2. Culture
  3. Biochemistry
A

1.Habitat: gut flora (probiotic)
2.Culture: Lancefield N
• dairy products (starter cultures: Bulgarian milk, butter)
3.Biochemistry: fast lactose fermenters (homofermenters)

38
Q

Lactococcus:

4. Species

A
  • L. lactis subsp. lactis
  • L. lactis subsp. cremoris
  • L. plantarum: silage
39
Q

Anaerobic cocci

1. Habitat

A
  • mucous membranes

- saprophytes, sporadically inflammations

40
Q

Anaerobic cocci

4. Species

A
  • Peptococcus: metritis, arthritis, pneumonia
  • Peptostreptococcus: metritis, arthritis, pneumonia
  • Peptoniphilus: arthritis, septicaemia
  • Ruminococcus: saprophytes
  • Sarcina: saprophytes (rumen/large intestine of monogastrics)
41
Q

Lactobacillus

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
A
  1. Habitat: mucous membranes, gut, food, feed, plant
  2. Morphology: long, thin, sometimes curved rods
  3. Staining: Gram positive
42
Q

Lactobacillus:

4. Culture

A
  • microaerophilic
  • optimal temperature 30-40 oC (2-53 oC)
  • pH 5.5-6.2 (acidic)
43
Q

Lactobacillus:

  1. Biochemistry
  2. Pathogencity
A 
5. Biochemistry:
• active fermentation,
• lactate pH 4.0
• silage
6. Pathogencity:
• saprophytes
• mucous membranes (probiotic)
• dairy industry
44
Q

Lactobacillus:

7. Species

A 
Saphrophytes
• L. delbrücki subsp. bulgaricus
• L. delbrücki subsp. lactis
• L. acidophilus
• L. salivarius
• L. plantarum

Bacteriology (14 decks)

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