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Lab 3 - Coccus Flashcards

1
Q

As a first step of gram staining we stain and smear the smear with methylene-blue for 3-5 min

A

False (with crystal violet)

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2
Q

Fixation of the smear is carried out with 96% ethanol during gram staining

A

True

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3
Q

Gram-positive bacteria stain red as a result of gram staining

A

False (stain pruple)

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4
Q

Lactobacillus are facultative pathogenic bacteria

A

False (not pathogenic)

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5
Q

We can differentiate staphylococci from streptococci on the base of oxidase production

A

False

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6
Q

We can differentiate micrococci from streptococci on the base of catalase production

A

False

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7
Q

Stranglers of horse is caused by streptococcus eqourum

A

False (caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi)

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8
Q

Morel disease is caused by Staphylococcus pesudointermedius

A

False (caused by Staphylococcus areus subsp. anaerobius)

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9
Q

Staphylococcus can tolerate high (up to 10%) NaCl conc.

A

True

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10
Q

Staphylococcus are more fastidious than Streptococci

A

False

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11
Q

Staphylococcus have capsule, but no flagella

A

False

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12
Q

Staphylococcus are non spore forming bacteria

A

True

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13
Q

Staphylococcus show active motility

A

False

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14
Q

Staphylococcus cannot grow on nutrient agar, they need blood agar

A

False

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15
Q

Streptococci are catalase neg. bacteria

A

True

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16
Q

Fixation of bacteria during gram staining is carried out with 96$ ethanol

A

True

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17
Q

Greasy pig disease is caused by Staphylococcus suis

A

False (caused by Streptococcus hyicus)

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18
Q

Stranglers of horses is caused by Staphylococcus equi

A

False (caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi)

19
Q

Morel disease is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

A

False (caused by Staphylococcus areus subsp. anaerobius)

20
Q

Streptococcus have capsule, but no flagella

21
Q

Staphylococcus

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
  3. Staining
A 
1. Habitat:
• skin,
• mucous membrane,
• food, plant,
• soil,
• water
2. Morphology: coccus, bunch of grape
3. Staining: Gram positive
22
Q

Gram staining

A
  • crystal violet: 3-5 minutes
  • Lugol solution: 1-1.5 minutes
  • 96% alcohol: some drops
  • water
  • fuchsin: 0.5-1 minutes
  • water
  • drying
23
Q

Staphylococcus Culture

  1. Type of culture?
  2. Pigments?
  3. Haemolysis?
  4. Selective culture types?
A
  1. simple: nutrient agar, nutrient broth
  2. pigment: golden, white
  3. haemolysis:
    - β haemolysis (in some sp double haemolysis)
    - no haemolysis
  4. selective culture:
    - 10% NaCl – mannitol - phenol red agar,
    - Na-tellurite – glycine - pyruvic acid – egg (Baird-Parker agar)
24
Q

Staphylococcus Biochemistry:

  1. Catalase/oxidase?
  2. Fermentative?
  3. EC enzymes?
  4. Surface proteins?
  5. Toxins?
A
  1. Catalase: +, oxidase: -
  2. Fermentative
  3. Extracellular enzymes: coagulase, fibrinolysin, hyaluronidase…
  4. Surface proteins: Protein-A
  5. Toxins: haemolysins, leucocidins, enterotoxins, dermotoxin
25
Staphylococcus: 6. Antigens 7. Resistance 8. Pathogenicity
6. Antigens: complex 7. Resistance: good 8. Pathogenicity: • local suppuration, • abscesses, • arthritis, • mastitis, • metritis, • dermatitis • septicaemia
26
``` Staphylococcus: Species: coagulase positive species 1. extracellular enzymes? 2. toxins? 3. haemolysis? 4. mannitol + or - ? 5. pathogens? 6. Species names? ```
1. extracellular enzymes 2. toxins 3. haemolysis 4. mannitol + 5. facultative pathogens 6. Species names: -S. aureus susp. aureus: cattle, swine, horse, sheep, dog, poultry etc. •MRSA: methicillin resistant S. aureus -S. aureus subsp. anaerobius: sheep; Morel disease -S. pseudointermedius: dog, cat; dermatitis, otitis externa •S. intermedius: dog, horse, birds; mucous membranes •saprophyte
27
``` Staphylococcus: Species: coagulase negative species 1. extracellular enzymes? 2. toxins? 3. haemolysis? 4. mannitol + or - ? 5. pathogens? 6. Species names? ```
1. less extracellular enzymes 2. toxin prod is not typical 3. no haemolysis 4. mannitol – 5. generelly saprophytes, sometimes subclinical infection •S. epidermidis: wound infection (horse, dog) •S. haemolyticus: milk •S. hyicus (part of strains is coagulase+): exudative epidermitis - Greasy pig disease •S. gallinarum: dermatitis •S. equorum: dermatitis •S. felis: dermatitis
28
Micrococcus 1. Habitat 2. Morphology 3. Biochemistry 4. Pathogenicity
1. Habitat: environment, mucous membrane, food, skin 2. Morphology: coccus 3. Biochemistry: glycose utilisation is aerobic or missing 4. Pathogenicity: saprophyte
29
Streptococcus 1. Habitat 2. Morphology 3. Staining
1. Habitat: skin, mucous membrane, food, milk, digestive track 2. Morphology: coccus, chain • capsule: hyaluridic acid, polysaccharide (some species) 3. Staining: Gram positive
30
Streptococcus | 4. Culture
* fastidious: blood agar, serum agar * selective culture: crystal violet, thallium-SO4, esculin, blood (Edwards) * haemolysis α −, β −haemolysis, no haemolysis
31
Streptococcus - Biochemistry 1. Catalase/oxidase? 2. Fermentative? 3. Utilisation of glycosides? 4. Extra cellular enzymes? 5. Toxins?
1. catalase -, oxidase - 2. fermentatíve 3. utilisation of glycosides: esculin, salicin 4. extra cellular enzymes: fibrinolysin, hyaluronidase, nucleases, proteases 5. toxins
32
Streptococcus: | 6. Antigens
* complex * Lancefield A-W * other type specific antigens * capsule antigens (S. suis, S. pneumoniae)
33
Streptococcus: 7. Resistance 8. Pathgenicity 9. Grouping
7. Resistance: good 8. Pathgenicity: • local suppuration, • metritis, mastitis, arthritis, • septicaemia, • strangles, • pneumonic diseases 9. Grouping: haemolysis, biochemical characteristics, antigens
34
Streptococcus: | 10. Species
• S. pyogenes: capsule, toxin, •human: scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis • S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis: cow, ruminants -mastitis •S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis: lymphadenitis, abortion (horse) •S. equi: -subsp. equi: horse strangles -subsp. zooepidemicus: suppuration, septicaemia, mastitis, abortion • S. suis: septicaemia, arthritis, meningitis • S. porcinus: lymphadenitis, abscesses • S. canis: metritis, neonatal septicaemia • S. bovis: septicaemia (pigeon) • S. salivarius, S. sanguis, S. mutans: oral streptococci • S. pneumoniae: calf, foal, human: pneumonia, meningitis
35
Enterococcus 1. Habitat 2. Morphology 3. Culture
1. Habitat: Gut 2. Morphology: some isolates are motile 3. Culture: - Tolerate bile salt - MacConkey agar - 10-45 oC, pH 9,6, Lancefield D - alpha-hemolysis
36
Enterococcus 4. Species 5. Pathogenecity 6. Biochemistry
4.Species: • E. faecalis • E. faecium • E. avium • E. gallinarum 5. Pathogenecity: mainly saprophytes, sometimes endocarditis and abscesses 6. Biochemistry: Previosly in group D Streptococci since they posess the group D cell wall antigen
37
Lactococcus 1. Habitat 2. Culture 3. Biochemistry
1.Habitat: gut flora (probiotic) 2.Culture: Lancefield N • dairy products (starter cultures: Bulgarian milk, butter) 3.Biochemistry: fast lactose fermenters (homofermenters)
38
Lactococcus: | 4. Species
* L. lactis subsp. lactis * L. lactis subsp. cremoris * L. plantarum: silage
39
Anaerobic cocci | 1. Habitat
- mucous membranes | - saprophytes, sporadically inflammations
40
Anaerobic cocci | 4. Species
* Peptococcus: metritis, arthritis, pneumonia * Peptostreptococcus: metritis, arthritis, pneumonia * Peptoniphilus: arthritis, septicaemia * Ruminococcus: saprophytes * Sarcina: saprophytes (rumen/large intestine of monogastrics)
41
Lactobacillus 1. Habitat 2. Morphology 3. Staining
1. Habitat: mucous membranes, gut, food, feed, plant 2. Morphology: long, thin, sometimes curved rods 3. Staining: Gram positive
42
Lactobacillus: | 4. Culture
* microaerophilic * optimal temperature 30-40 oC (2-53 oC) * pH 5.5-6.2 (acidic)
43
Lactobacillus: 5. Biochemistry 6. Pathogencity
``` 5. Biochemistry: • active fermentation, • lactate pH 4.0 • silage 6. Pathogencity: • saprophytes • mucous membranes (probiotic) • dairy industry ```
44
Lactobacillus: | 7. Species
``` Saphrophytes • L. delbrücki subsp. bulgaricus • L. delbrücki subsp. lactis • L. acidophilus • L. salivarius • L. plantarum ```

Bacteriology (14 decks)

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