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Bacteriology > Lab 5 - Myobacterium, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Trueperella, Actinobaculum, Dermatophilus, Streptomyces > Flashcards

Lab 5 - Myobacterium, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Trueperella, Actinobaculum, Dermatophilus, Streptomyces Flashcards

1
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM

  1. Habitat
  2. Morphology
A
  1. Habitat:
    -infected host: obligate pathogens
    -environment: facultative pathogens, saprophytes
    • soil, water, plants
  2. Morphology:
    • rods, coccoid, branching filaments
    • cell structure: mycolic acids, lipids, waxes, surface proteins (virulence factors)
    • species differences
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2
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM

3. Staining

A

-Gram positive (but poor staining)
-Ziehl-Neelsen positive
• fuchsin – lipids
• acid and alcohol fast
-Fluorescence dyes

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3
Q 
Ziehl-Neelsen staining
A) Ziehl-Neelsen + B) Ziehl-Neelsen -
1. Fixed smear
2. Carbol-fuchsin
3. Acid and alcohol
4. Methylene blue
A
  1. Fixed smear A) colourless B) colourless
  2. Carbol-fuchsin A) red B) red
  3. Acid and alcohol A) red B) colourless
  4. Methylene blue A) red B) blue
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4
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM

4. Culture

A
  • obligate aerobic
  • broth: Henley, Sauton (cord)
  • Solid: egg, serum agar, glycerine potato
  • Selective: Petragnani (malachite green), acid and alkaline treatment
  • M.avium ssp. paratuberculosis: needs mycobactin
  • animal trial (guinea pig, rabbit, pigeon)
  • incubation time, growth characteristics (species differences)
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5
Q 
MYCOBACTERIUM
Cultural differences: M. tuberculosis
1. Incubation time
2. Shape
3. Solid medium
4. Broth
A
  1. Incubation time: 3-6 weeks
  2. Shape: slender rods
  3. Solid medium: dry colonies
  4. Broth: thin film
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6
Q 
MYCOBACTERIUM
Cultural differences: M. bovis 
1. Incubation time
2. Shape
3. Solid medium
4. Broth
A
  1. Incubation time: 4-8 weeks
  2. Shape: short rods
  3. Solid medium: wet colonies
  4. Broth: islands
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7
Q 
MYCOBACTERIUM
Cultural differences: M. avium subsp. avium
1. Incubation time
2. Shape
3. Solid medium
4. Broth
A
  1. Incubation time: 2-3 weeks
  2. Shape: polymorph
  3. Solid medium: cream-like colonies
  4. Broth: thick film, sediment
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8
Q 
MYCOBACTERIUM
Cultural differences: M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis
1. Incubation time
2. Shape
3. Solid medium
4. Broth
A
  1. Incubation time: 6-12 weeks
  2. Shape: short rods
  3. Solid medium: wet colonies*
  4. Broth: thin film*
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9
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM

  1. Biochemistry
  2. Antigens
A
  1. Biochemistry: catalase -
  2. Antigens:
    -glycolipids, lipoproteins,
    • close relationship of antigens,
    • cross reactions
    • immuno-electrophoresis
    -tuberculin
    • old tuberculin: broth culture, boiled, filtered, concentrated
    • PPD (purified protein derivate): trichloracetic acid precipitation
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10
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM

  1. Resistance
  2. Pathogenicity
A
  1. Resistance: excellent
  2. Pathogenicity:
    • obligate pathogens: tuberculosis, paratuberculosis
    • facultative pathogens, saprophytes (atypical): mycobacteriosis
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11
Q

Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium has cream like colonies on solid medium

A

True

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12
Q

Mycobacterium are acid- and alcohol-fast bacteria

A

True

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13
Q

As a result of Ziehl-Neelsen staining, pathogenic mycobacterium are red

A

True

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14
Q

Human leprosy is caused by M. lepraemurium?

A

False, by M. laprae

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15
Q

Mainly of mycobacteria are flagellated?

A

False, no flagella

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16
Q

Dermatophilus can be found on the skin of infected animals?

A

True

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17
Q

Trueperella pyogenes causes exsudative dermatitis in sheep?

A

False

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18
Q

Cattle lumpy jaw is caused by Actinomyces viscosus?

A

False, by Actionomyces bovis

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19
Q

Nocardia can be found in the infected host body only

A

False

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20
Q

Mycobacteria are obligate anaerobic bacteria?

A

False, obligate aerobic

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21
Q

Cattle can be infected by Mycobacterium bovis only?

A

False, also other mycobacteria ssp.

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22
Q

As a result of Ziehl-Neelsen staining pathogenic mycobacterium are blue?

A

False, red

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23
Q

Trueperella pyogenes can cause arthritis in cattle?

A

True

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24
Q

Nocardia asteroides produces carotenoid pigments?

A

True

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25
Cattle lumpy jaw is caused by Actinomyces bovis?
True
26
Actinobaculum suis can cause pyelonephritis in pigs?
True
27
Trueperalle pyogenes can cause mastitis in cattle?
True
28
Obligate pathogenic mycobacteria can multiply in the host body and the environment?
False, only in infected host
29
Arthritis of swine can be caused by Trueperella pyogenes?
True
30
Nocardia asteroides is an obligate anaerobic bacterium?
False, obligate aerobic
31
Nocardia is a soil microorganism?
True
32
Obligate pathogenic mycobacteria can multiply in the host body only?
True
33
Mycobacterium bovis is a Gram-positive and Ziehl-Neelsen-negative?
False, both are positive
34
Mycobacterium tuberculosis forms islands on the surface of broth?
False, M. bovis forms islands, M. tuberculosis forms thin film
35
Animals can be infected by mycobacterium spore?
False, non-spore forming bacterium
36
Nocardia asteroides is an obligate aerobic bacterium?
True
37
Mycobacterium can form spore?
False, non-spore forming bacteria
38
Pneumonia can be caused by Trueperella pyogenes?
True
39
Nocardia asteroides is a soil bacterium?
True
40
Incubation time of mycobacterium bovis is 6-12 weeks?
False, 4-8 weeks
41
Dermatophilus congolensis produces carotenoid pigments?
False, Nocardia is producing carotenoid pigments
42
Trueperella pyogenes can cause metritis?
True
43
Pericarditis of dogs can be caused by Actinomyces hordeovulneris?
True
44
Infectious form of Dermatophilus is the zoospore?
True
45
Trueperella pyogenes causes mastitis or pneumonia?
True
46
Mycobacterium is catalase negative?
True
47
Nocardia produces carotenoid pigments?
True
48
Dermatophilus can produce carotenoid pigments?
False, Norcardia produce carotenoid pigments
49
``` MYCOBACTERIUM Pathogenic mycobacteria 1. M. tuberculosis 2. M. africanum 3. M. bovis 4. M. caprae 5. M. microti 6. M. avium subsp. avium (M. avium) 7. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) 8. M. avium subsp. silvaticum 9. M. leprae 10. M. lepraemurium 11. M.Pinnepedii ```
1. M. tuberculosis: human, swine, dog, cat, parrot, cattle 2. M. africanum: human 3. M. bovis: cattle, ruminants, swine, dog, cat, human, BCG 4. M. caprae: cattle, ruminants, swine, human 5. M. microti: rodents 6. M. avium subsp. avium: birds 7. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis: cattle, ruminants (paratuberculosis) 8. M. avium subsp. silvaticum: birds (tuberculosis), ruminants (paratuberculosis) 9. M. leprae: human (leprosy) 10. M. lepraemurium: mouse, cat (leprosy) 11. M.Pinnepedii: Seal
50
MYCOBACTERIUM | Facultative pathogens, saprophytes (atypical)
(atypical) • swine, cattle: local lesions, tuberculin reaction • tuberculosis in fishes, reptiles: M. fortuitum, M. marinum • groups: 1. photochromogens (need light): M. kansasii, M. marinum 2. scotochromogens (no light needed): M.scrofulaceum, M.gordonae 3. non-chromogens: M. intracellulare, M. terrae 4. rapid growers: M. phlei, M. fortuitum
51
NOCARDIA 1. Habitat 2. Morphology 3. Staining
1. Habitat: soil 2. Morphology: long, branched filaments 3. Staining: • Gram positive • irregular staining, • slightly acid fast
52
NOCARDIA | 4. Culture
* obligate aerobic, * carotenoid pigment prod. (yellow, red, pink) * aerial filaments
53
NOCARDIA | 5. Pathogenicity
-facultative pathogens, -local lesions, -N. asteroides: •cattle: chronic suppuration, skin, subcutaneous, mastitis •generalised nocardiosi
54
Actinomycetaceae genera
ACTINOMYCES TRUEPERELLA (ARCANOBACTERIUM), ACTINOBACULUM
55
Actinomycetaceae genera 1. Habitat 2. Morphology 3. Staining 4. Culture 5. Pathogenicity
1. Habitat: mucous membranes 2. Morphology: heterogenous (rods, curved rods, filaments) 3. Staining: Gram positive 4. Culture: -Fastidious: blood agar -Oxygen: • anaerobic, • microaerophilic, • facultative anaerobic, -haemolysis (some species) 5. Pathogenicity: facultative pathogens
56
ACTINOMYCES 1. Habitat 2. Morphology 3. Culture 4. Species
1. Habitet: mucous membr. (oral cavity, GI-tract, genitals) 2. Morphology: rods, filaments, sulphur granules 3. Culture: anaerobic (aerotolerant), blood agar 4. Species: • A. bovis: cattle lumpy jaw • A.hyovaginalis: abortion, local purulent lesions • A.suimastitidis: pig masitis • A. viscosus: caryes human, dog • A. israeli: human actinomycosis • A. hordeovulneris: dog actinomycosis
57
TRUEPERELLA (ARCANOBACTERIUM) 1. Habitat 2. Morphology 3. Culture 4. Species
1. Habitat: mucous membr. (oropharyngeal cavity) 2. Morphology: curved rods, coryne form 3. Culture: blood agar, serum agar, protein demand 4. Species: • T. (Arcanobacterium, Corynebacterium) pyogenes: •toxin (haemolysis), •local suppuration: mastitis, metritis, arthritis, pneumonia, navel infection
58
ACTINOBACULUM 1. Habitat 2. Culture 3. Species
1. Habitat: preputial mucosa of boars 2. Culture: anaerobic, blood agar 3. Species: A.(Corynebacterium, Eubacterium, Actinomyces) suis: •anaerobic •pigs: genitals •purulent cystitis, •pyelonephritis
59
DERMATOPHILUS 1. Habitat 2. Morphology 3. Staining 4. Culture 5. Pathogenicity
``` D. congolensis 1. Habitat: soil, skin 2. Morphology: coccoid/filaments 3. Staining: Gram positive 4. Culture: -aerobic, -fastidious, blood agar -propagation •flagellated coccus (zoospora) •filaments - branching - growth •transverse and longitudinal divisions, - segments •zoospora ```
60
DERMATOPHILUS 5. Biochemistry 6. Pathogenicity
``` 5. Biochemistry: • proteolytic, • poorly saccharolytic 6. Pathogenicity: • exudative dermatitis • sheep, cattle, human ```

Bacteriology (14 decks)

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