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A&P 2 lab > lab 9 > Flashcards

lab 9 Flashcards

1
Q

fluid

A

refers to water

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2
Q

electrolytes

  • definition
  • function
A

inorganic compounds that dissociate in water to form ions

-can conduct an electrical current in solution

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3
Q

sodium

A

most abundant ion of the ECF and main contributor to the osmolarity

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4
Q

osmolarity

  • definition
  • osmolarity of body fluids
A

solute concentration of blood

-300 mOsm/L

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5
Q

3 hormones that play a key role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance

A
  1. ADH (released from posterior pituitary)
  2. aldosterone (adrenal cortex)
  3. atrial naturetic peptide (heart)
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6
Q

antidiuretic hormone

  • function
  • where is it released from
  • stimulus
  • how is blood osmolarity detected
A
  • prevents fluid loss and promotes the conservation of body water
  • posterior pituitary
  • increase in blood osmolarity (increased solute concentration and decrease in water concentration)
  • by osmoreceptors
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7
Q

how does ADH to increase in blood osmolarity

-results

A
  • by increasing the reabsoption of water (water is conserved) and stimulates thirst
  • small vol of concentrated urine
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8
Q

aldosterone

  • 2 functions
  • results
A
    1. regulates blood Na+ levels (specifically increase sodium reabsorption in the DCT and CD - conserves sodium)
      1. increases secretion of potassium
  • decrease in blood and increase in urine
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9
Q

aldosterone

  • released from
  • stimulus
A
  • adrenal cortex

- decrease in sodium or increase in potassium; activation of the renin-angiotensin system

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10
Q

renin angiotensin system

  • type of cells
  • release what
  • stimulus
A
  • juxtaglomerular cells
  • renin
    1. decrease in blood vol.
      1. a reduction in bp
      2. stimulation by the simpathetic system
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11
Q

renin

-function

A

-enzyme that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and then angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme

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12
Q

angiotensin II

-2 functions

A
  1. stimulates aldosterone release from adrenal cortex

2. causes vasoconstriction (increases bp)

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13
Q

atrial natiretic peptide

  • definition
  • released from
  • 3 functions
A
  • promotes both fluid and sodium loss by the kidneys
  • atria
    1. decreases aldosterone release, resulting in a decrease in sodium reabsorption and increased sodium loss in urine
      1. decreases ADH release which decreases water reabsorption and increases water loss to lower blood vol and pressure
      2. decreases thirst
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14
Q

Group: 25 ml of water

  • blood vol
  • blood osmolarity
  • urine vol
  • urine specific gravity
  • urine chloride
A
  • no change
  • no change
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • no change
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15
Q

Group: isotonic (1000 ml 0.9% NaCl)

  • blood vol
  • blood osmolarity
  • urine vol
  • urine specific gravity
  • urine chloride
A
  • increase
  • no change
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • increase
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16
Q

Group: water loaded (1000 ml water)

  • blood vol
  • blood osmolarity
  • urine vol
  • urine specific gravity
  • urine chloride
A
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease
  • decrease
17
Q

Group: salt loaded (150-250 ml 2% NaCl)

  • blood vol
  • blood osmolarity
  • urine vol
  • urine specific gravity
  • urine chloride
A
  • increase a little
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • increase
18
Q

which group produced the greatest urine vol during the 90 min period and why?

A

water loaded group because they drank alot of water adnd ADH decreased

19
Q

which group produced urine with the lowest specific gravity and chloride content?

A

the water loaded because of the extra water. it wasnt reabsorbed

20
Q

explain the diff in color between the urine of the four groups

A

more salt concentration in urine = dark yellow

21
Q

which group produced a small vol of concentrated urine? why?

A

salt loaded because blood osmolarity; ADH increases

22
Q

how did the specific gravity of the urine produced by the salt loaded group compare with that of the isotonic group?

A

the salt loaded group held on to the water where as the isotinic group did not

23
Q

how did the vol of urine output compare to the vol drank in each group

A

water loaded group had the highest vol

24
Q

what hormone was inhibited in the salt loaded group?

-what hormone was stimulated

A
  • aldosterone

- ADH

25
Q

what hormone was inhibited in the water loaded group?

which was stimulated

A
  • ADH

- aldosterone

26
Q

which group was thristy?

-what is the mechanism responsible

A
  • salt loaded

- ADH release

A&P 2 lab (11 decks)

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