Lab 1 Flashcards
hematocrit
- definition
- formula
- normal hematocrit in male
- normal hematocrit in female
the percentage of formed elements in the total volume of blood
- length of red blood cell column (mm)/ length of total blood column (mm) x 100%
- 46% (40-54)
- 42% (37-47)
hemoglobin
- definition
- method used
- normal male
- normal female
- major protein in RBCs and functions to transport both O2 and CO2
- by using the Tallquist method
- 14-18 g/100 ml
- 12-16 g/100 ml
How can we count the number of RBCs
by using a red blood cell diluting pipette and a hemacytometer
hemacytometer
used in RBC counting and is a special calibrated chamber
Normal RBC count
- male
- female
- 4.5-6.3 million/mm 3 blood
- 4.2-5.5 million/mm 3 blood
charging
the process of adding diluted blood to the hemacytomeetr
formula to calculate number of RBC
of cells in 5 R areas x 10,000
polycythemia
condition characterized by heigher than normal red blood cell count
anemia
condition where the O2 carrying capacity of the blood is reduced
leukocytes
- lack what
- possess what
- hemoglobin
- nuclei and other organelles
agranular leukocytes
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
neutrophils
- occurrence in blood %
- nuclear shape
- nuclear stains
- cytoplasmic characteristics
- function
- 50-70%
- 3-7 lobes connected by thin strands
- purple
- stains pale pink to blue; fine cytoplasmic granules
- attack and digest bacteria labeled with antibodies; lifespan: 30 min-10 hrs
eosinophils
- occurrence in blood %
- nuclear shape
- stains
- cytoplasmic characteristics
- function
- 2-4%
- bilobed nucleus
- blueish purple
- large cytoplasmic granules; stains orange -red
- releases toxic compounds that kill multicellular parasites; help reduce degree and spread of inflammation; increase during allergic reactions
basophils
- occurrence in blood %
- nuclear shape
- stains
- cytoplasmic characteristics
- function
- <1%
- U-shaped nucleus (hard to see past granules)
- dark blue
- large cytoplasmic granules/ stains deep purple
- releases large amount of histamine and heparin
agranular leukocytes
- monocytes
2. lymphocytes
monocytes
- occurrence in blood %
- nuclear shape
- stains
- cytoplasmic characteristics
- function
- 2-8%
- kidney bean shape
- dark blue purple
- large areas of pale blue- gray cytoplasm
- enters peripheral tissues to become a macrophage; phagocytosis; releases chemicals to attract neutrophils and other monocytes
lymphocytes
- occurrence in blood %
- nuclear shape
- stains
- cytoplasmic characteristics
- function
- 20-30%
- spherical nucleus
- dark blue - purple
- very little cytoplasm stains light blue; appears as a rim around the nucleus
- defend against specific pathogens (T and B cells)
normal WBC count
-formula
5000-10000 cells/mm 3 blood
-# cells in 4 W areas x 50
difference between the procedures for performing total RBC count and total WBC count
the dilution factor of WBC was 20 while the RBC’s dilution factor was 200. For the WBC count you had to rupture the RBCs
leukocytosis
- definition
- may indicate what
abnormally high WBC count
-viral infection, metabolic disease, hemmorage
leukopenia
- definition
- can be due to what
abnormally low WBC count
-can be due to typhoid fever, rubella, cirrhosis
condition causing increase in cell number- basophil
-2
-infection (chicken pox, measles), granulocytic leukemia
condition causing increase in cell number - eosinphil
allergies or parasitic infections or chronic infections such as leprosy, tuberculosis or fungal infections
condition causing increase in cell number- lymphocytes
-6
- mononucleousis
- typhoid
- hepatitis
- tuberculosis
- syphilis
- lymphocytic leukemia
condition causing increase in cell number - monocyte
-4
- tuberculosis
- malaria
- rocky mountain spotted fever
- hodgkin’s disease
condition causing increase in cell number - neutrophil
-5
- bacterial infections
- appendicitis
- rheumatic fever
- rheumatoid arthritis
- diabetic acidosis
Blood typing
a system of blood classification based on the presence of specific glycoproteins or glyolipids on the outer surface of the RBC plasma membrane
what are antigens known as
agglutinogens
what are antibodies known as
agglutinins
-plasma portion
Type A
- % of US pop.
- antigen
- antibody
- 40%
- A
- B
Type B
- % of US pop.
- antigen
- antibody
- 10%
- B
- A
Type AB
- % of US pop.
- antigen
- antibody
- 4%
- AB
- not antibodies
Type O
- % of US pop.
- antigen
- antibody
- 46%
- no antigens
- antibodies A and B
cross-matching of compatibility testing
- definition
- what does the major cross-match technique conduct
- conducted to prevent transfusion reactions
- conducted to detect an incompatibility between the recipients plasma and the donors cells
universal donor
type O because it has no antigens on the plasma
universal recipient
type AB because it has to antibodies to react with foreign antigens
