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A&P 2 lab > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

hematocrit

  • definition
  • formula
  • normal hematocrit in male
  • normal hematocrit in female
A

the percentage of formed elements in the total volume of blood

  • length of red blood cell column (mm)/ length of total blood column (mm) x 100%
  • 46% (40-54)
  • 42% (37-47)
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2
Q

hemoglobin

  • definition
  • method used
  • normal male
  • normal female
A
  • major protein in RBCs and functions to transport both O2 and CO2
  • by using the Tallquist method
  • 14-18 g/100 ml
  • 12-16 g/100 ml
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3
Q

How can we count the number of RBCs

A

by using a red blood cell diluting pipette and a hemacytometer

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4
Q

hemacytometer

A

used in RBC counting and is a special calibrated chamber

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5
Q

Normal RBC count

  • male
  • female
A
  • 4.5-6.3 million/mm 3 blood

- 4.2-5.5 million/mm 3 blood

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6
Q

charging

A

the process of adding diluted blood to the hemacytomeetr

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7
Q

formula to calculate number of RBC

A

of cells in 5 R areas x 10,000

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8
Q

polycythemia

A

condition characterized by heigher than normal red blood cell count

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9
Q

anemia

A

condition where the O2 carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

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10
Q

leukocytes

  • lack what
  • possess what
A
  • hemoglobin

- nuclei and other organelles

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11
Q

agranular leukocytes

A
  1. neutrophils
  2. eosinophils
  3. basophils
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12
Q

neutrophils

  • occurrence in blood %
  • nuclear shape
  • nuclear stains
  • cytoplasmic characteristics
  • function
A
  • 50-70%
  • 3-7 lobes connected by thin strands
  • purple
  • stains pale pink to blue; fine cytoplasmic granules
  • attack and digest bacteria labeled with antibodies; lifespan: 30 min-10 hrs
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13
Q

eosinophils

  • occurrence in blood %
  • nuclear shape
  • stains
  • cytoplasmic characteristics
  • function
A
  • 2-4%
  • bilobed nucleus
  • blueish purple
  • large cytoplasmic granules; stains orange -red
  • releases toxic compounds that kill multicellular parasites; help reduce degree and spread of inflammation; increase during allergic reactions
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14
Q

basophils

  • occurrence in blood %
  • nuclear shape
  • stains
  • cytoplasmic characteristics
  • function
A
  • <1%
  • U-shaped nucleus (hard to see past granules)
  • dark blue
  • large cytoplasmic granules/ stains deep purple
  • releases large amount of histamine and heparin
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15
Q

agranular leukocytes

A
  1. monocytes

2. lymphocytes

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16
Q

monocytes

  • occurrence in blood %
  • nuclear shape
  • stains
  • cytoplasmic characteristics
  • function
A
  • 2-8%
  • kidney bean shape
  • dark blue purple
  • large areas of pale blue- gray cytoplasm
  • enters peripheral tissues to become a macrophage; phagocytosis; releases chemicals to attract neutrophils and other monocytes
17
Q

lymphocytes

  • occurrence in blood %
  • nuclear shape
  • stains
  • cytoplasmic characteristics
  • function
A
  • 20-30%
  • spherical nucleus
  • dark blue - purple
  • very little cytoplasm stains light blue; appears as a rim around the nucleus
  • defend against specific pathogens (T and B cells)
18
Q

normal WBC count

-formula

A

5000-10000 cells/mm 3 blood

-# cells in 4 W areas x 50

19
Q

difference between the procedures for performing total RBC count and total WBC count

A

the dilution factor of WBC was 20 while the RBC’s dilution factor was 200. For the WBC count you had to rupture the RBCs

20
Q

leukocytosis

  • definition
  • may indicate what
A

abnormally high WBC count

-viral infection, metabolic disease, hemmorage

21
Q

leukopenia

  • definition
  • can be due to what
A

abnormally low WBC count

-can be due to typhoid fever, rubella, cirrhosis

22
Q

condition causing increase in cell number- basophil

-2

A

-infection (chicken pox, measles), granulocytic leukemia

23
Q

condition causing increase in cell number - eosinphil

A

allergies or parasitic infections or chronic infections such as leprosy, tuberculosis or fungal infections

24
Q

condition causing increase in cell number- lymphocytes

-6

A
  1. mononucleousis
  2. typhoid
  3. hepatitis
  4. tuberculosis
  5. syphilis
  6. lymphocytic leukemia
25
Q

condition causing increase in cell number - monocyte

-4

A
  1. tuberculosis
  2. malaria
  3. rocky mountain spotted fever
  4. hodgkin’s disease
26
Q

condition causing increase in cell number - neutrophil

-5

A
  1. bacterial infections
  2. appendicitis
  3. rheumatic fever
  4. rheumatoid arthritis
  5. diabetic acidosis
27
Q

Blood typing

A

a system of blood classification based on the presence of specific glycoproteins or glyolipids on the outer surface of the RBC plasma membrane

28
Q

what are antigens known as

A

agglutinogens

29
Q

what are antibodies known as

A

agglutinins

-plasma portion

30
Q

Type A

  • % of US pop.
  • antigen
  • antibody
A
  • 40%
  • A
  • B
31
Q

Type B

  • % of US pop.
  • antigen
  • antibody
A
  • 10%
  • B
  • A
32
Q

Type AB

  • % of US pop.
  • antigen
  • antibody
A
  • 4%
  • AB
  • not antibodies
33
Q

Type O

  • % of US pop.
  • antigen
  • antibody
A
  • 46%
  • no antigens
  • antibodies A and B
34
Q

cross-matching of compatibility testing

  • definition
  • what does the major cross-match technique conduct
A
  • conducted to prevent transfusion reactions

- conducted to detect an incompatibility between the recipients plasma and the donors cells

35
Q

universal donor

A

type O because it has no antigens on the plasma

36
Q

universal recipient

A

type AB because it has to antibodies to react with foreign antigens

A&P 2 lab (11 decks)

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