lab 5 Flashcards
organs of the respiratory system
- nose
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
Upper respiratory
nose and pharynx
nose
- air enters the nose through the
- 3 functions
- the external nares and into the nasal cavity
- incoming air is warmed, humidified and filtered by the nasal mucosa
- contains receptors for olfactory stimuli
- act as a resonance chambers in speech
- incoming air is warmed, humidified and filtered by the nasal mucosa
nasal septum
a vertical partition that divides the right and left side
palate of the oral cavity
-composed of
anterior, bony hard palate and the posterior muscular soft palate
vestibule
- location
- defnition
- anterior portion of each nostril
- coarse nose hairs
what are the projections that extends from the lateral walls of each nasal cavity
the superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae or turbinates
nasal cavity flow of air
- external nares
- nasal cavity
- internal nares
- pharynx
pharynx
- definition
- composed of
- lined by
- 3 regions
- 5” tube which extends from the nasal cavity to the entrances of the larynx and esophagus
- skeletal muscle
- lined with a mucus membrane
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
- nasopharynx
nasopharynx
- superior or middle or inferior section
- extends from
- lined with
- contains 4 openings
- also contains which structure
- superior
- the posterior portion of the nasal cavity to the plane of the soft palate
- psuedostratified columnar epithelium modified with cilia and goblet cells
- 2 internal nares
- 2 eustachian tube openings
- 2 internal nares
- pharyngeal tonsil or adenoid
oropharynx
- superior, middle or inferior section
- extends from
- lined with
- 1 opening
- contains
- middle section
- the soft palate to the hyoid bone
- stratified squamous epithelium
- fauces (mouth)
- the paired palatine and lingual tonsils
laryngopharynx
- superior, middle, or inferior section
- extends from
- function
- inferior portion
- hyoid bone to the entrance of the esophagus and larynx
- serves as a common passageway for both air and food
lower respiratory structures
-5
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
- lung lobule
larynx
- aka
- connects what
- wall is supported by what
- voice box
- laryngopharynx with the trachea
- several pieces of cartilage
piece of cartilage of the larynx
- thyroid cartilage
- epiglottis
- cricoid
- arytenoid
- smaller paired corniculate and cuniform cartilage
2 functions of the larynx
- epiglottis cartilage forms a lid over the larynx so that food and liquids are directed into the esophagus and is kept out of the respiratory system
- Voice production
voice production
- upper
- lower
- how is sound produced
- false vocal folds (cords)
- true vocal folds (cords
- both vibrate to create sound waves
trachea
- aka
- length
- lined with
- what supports the walls
- windpipe
- 4 1/2”
- from larynx to the level of the fifth throacic vertebra where it divides into right and left primary bronchi
- psuedostratified epithelium which is modified with cilia and goblet cells
- C-shaped cartilage
open ends of the C-shaped are located
posteriorly and are held together by a smooth muscle called the trachealis muscle
functions of the trachea
- mucus
- cartilage rings
- open end of C rings
- the mucus traps dust that is propelled by cilia away from the lungs toward the pharynx where it is expectorated or swallowed
- the cartilage rings reinforce the trachea to prevent the airway from collapsing
- the open end of the C shaped cartilages permit the esophagus to expand anteriorly when food is swallowed
what do goblet cells produce
mucus
bronchi division
- trachea
- right and left primary bronchus
- secondary bronchi
- teriary bronchi, then divide more
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchioles
bronchial tree
bronchi and all of their branches
lungs
-surrounded by
-pleura
pleura
- definition
- 2 layers
- function of layers
- double layered serous membrane
- parietal and visceral
- secrete pleural fluid into the potential space between them, the pleural cavity
Parietal pleura
- inner or outer layer
- covers what
- outer
- wall of thoracic cavity
visceral pleura
- inner or outer layer
- covers what
- inner
- covers lungs
pleural fluid function
provides lubrication which helps reduce friction permitting the lungs to move past one another easily during breathing
4 features of the lungs
- base
- apex
- hilus
- cardiac notch
base of the lung
broad inferior portion that rests on superficial surface of diaphragm
apex of the lung
pointed superior portion that extends just superior to first rib
hilus of the lung
vertical groove in the medial surface through which bronchial tubes, pulmonary vessels, lymphatics and nerves enter and exit the lung
cardiac notch
indentation in left lung for the heart
fissures
divides each lung into lobes
right lung
- # of lobes
- fissures
- 3 (superior, middle, and inferior)
- horizontal and oblique
left lung
- # of lobes
- fissure
- 2 (superior and inferior)
- oblique
lung lobule
-contains
- lymphatic vessel
- pulmonary arteriole
- pulmonary venule
- branch from a terminal bronchiole
terminal bronchioles branch to form
respiratory bronchioles then into alveolar ducts then into alveolar sacs
alveoli
-composed of
squamous epithelium and a thin basement membrane
where are gases exchanged
between the alveoli and capillaries
bronchial sounds
- definition
- how do you listen for it
produced as air rushes through the large airways of the lower respiratory tract, trachea and bronchi
-place stethoscope on your neck just below your larynx
vesicular sounds
- definition
- how do you listen for it
produced as air enters the alveolar sacs
-place stethescope over chest at various intercostal spaces and under clavicles; back beneath the scapula
beef pluck
- consists of
- obtained from
- the lungs, trachea and larynx of a cow
- a local butcher
what does psudostratified columnar epithelium that is modified with cilia and goblet cells contribute to?
mucociliary apparatus
mucociliary apparatus
important part of lung defense mechanisms
function of the mucus
coat airways and traps inhaled particles
in what direction do the cilia beat
upwards towards oral pharynx
what eventually happens to the mucus
-why is this considered a defense mechanism
swallowed
-it clears particles
what consequences would result if the mucociliary transport malfunctions
it will cause respiratory infections, pneumonia because bacteria accumulates
A drop of charcoal is suspended in room temp Ringer’s solution was applied to the mucosa of the frogs hard palate. What happens to the charcoal particles over time
Cilia moves particles towards oropharynx to get rid of them. The charcoal is moved upward
will it take longer or shorter time for the charcoal particles to move if the trachea is exposed to cold temp
longer
can cilia overcome the effects of gravity
-can cilia move the charcoal if the end toward which the charcoal is moving is elevated
yes
-yes
