lab 10 Flashcards
endocrine glands
- pituitary gland
- thyroid gland
- parathyroids
- adrenals
- pancreas
- thymus
pituitary gland
- location
- connected to hypothalamus by
- 2 lobes
- lies in sella turcica of the spenoid bone
- infundibulum
- anterior (adenohypopyis) and posterior (neurohypopysis)
thyroid gland
- location
- what does it look like
- 2 lobes joined by
- anterior surface of the trachea
- butterfly
- right and left lobes; joined by isthmus
parathyroids
- location
- 2 pairs
- posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland
- superior and inferior
adrenals
- location
- definition
- covered by
- superior to each kidney
- triangular structure consisting of an outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla
- CT capsule
pancreas
- location
- consists of
- between stomach and duodenum
- head, body and tail
thymus
- location
- consists of
- divided into
- large in
- lies in mediastinum
- 2 long lobes separated by CT into lobules
- outer cortex and inner medulla
- children an reaches max size during puberty
adenohypopysis
- composed of
- secretes
- glandular epithelial tissue
- 7 hormones (TSH, GH, prolactin, ACTH, FSH, LH and MSH)
neurohypopysis
- consists of
- secretes
- scattered among the nerve fibers are ___
- nerve fibers
- oxytocin and ADH
- pituicytes
thyroid gland
- tissue
- consists of
- cuboidal epithelium
- follicles,colloid, c cells
colloid contains
thyroglobulin
thyroglobulin
a storage form of the thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
parafollicular cells or C cells
secretes calcitonin
parathyroid glands
- hormone produced
- function of hormone
- parathyroid hormone
- regulate [Ca++] in body fluids; responds directly to [Ca++] in body fluids; increases Ca++
adrenal gland
- secretes
- cortex is divided into
- corticosteroids
- zona glomerulosa
- zona fasiculata
- zona reticularis
- zona glomerulosa
zona glomerulosa
- hormone produced
- main principle of that hormone
- mineralcorticoids
- aldosterone
zona fasiculata
- hormone produced
- main principle of that hormone
- glucocorticoids
- cortisol
zona reticularis
-hormone produced
-androgens
pancreas
- exocrine gland consists of
- endocrine system cells
- acinar cells
- pancreatic islets
acinar cells
secrete digestive enzymes
pancreatic islets
secrete insulin and glucagon
thymus
-what does medulla contain
thymic or hassall’s corpuscles
anterior pituitary hormones
- growth hormone
- thyroid stimulating hormone
- adrenocorticotropic hormone
- follicle stimulating hormone
- luteinizing hormone
- prolactin
growth hormone
-functions
- growth
- protein anabolism
- lipid mobalization and catabolism
TSH
-functions
controls secretion of hormones by thyroid gland
ACTH functions
controls secretion of glucocorticoids by adrenal cortex
FSH functions
- female
- male
- initiates dev of follicles that secrete estrogen
- stimulates sperm maturation
LH functions
- female
- male
- triggers ovulation and secretes progesterone
- stimulates interstitial cells of Leydig in the testes to produce testosterone
prolactin function
stimulates milk production by the mammary glands
posterior pituitary hormones
oxytocin and ADH
oxytocin functions
- female
- male
- induces labor and milk ejection
- stimulates contractions of vas deferens and prostate gland
antidiuretic hormone
- functions
- consequences
- increases water reabsorption
- decreased urine vol, elevated blood vol and pressure
thyroid hormones
-functions
- increases metabolic rate of most cells
2. stimulates growth and development and activity of the nervous system
calcitonin functions
- lowers blood levels of Ca++ by inhibiting breakdown of bone and enhancing the excretion of Ca++ by the kidney
parathyroids
-function
- increases blood Ca++ levels by:
1. stimulates osteoclasts and the release of Ca++ from bone
2. inhibits osteaoblasts and bone deposition
3. increases Ca++ reabsorption by the kidney
4. accelerates Ca++ absorption by the digestive tract
mineralcorticoids
- mainly
- functions
- stimulus
- aldosterone
- increases renal reabsorption of sodium and water
- decreases renal reabsorption of potassium
- increases renal reabsorption of sodium and water
- decreased blood levels of Na+ or increased blood levels of K+
- activation of renin-angiotensin pathway by decreased blood vol or pressure or sympathetic stimulation
- decreased blood levels of Na+ or increased blood levels of K+
glucocorticoids
- mainly
- functions
- stimulus
- cortisol
- helps promote normal metabolism of glucose, protein and fat
- provides resistance to stress and anti inflammatory effects
- helps promote normal metabolism of glucose, protein and fat
- stress and low blood levels of glucocorticoids
gonadocorticoids
- mainly
- function
- androgens
- secreted in low amounts and effects are insignificant
adrenal medulla hormones
- epinephrine and noepinephrine
- sympathomimetic (produces effects that mimic those of the ANS during stress
- activation of the sym. NS
glucagon
- functions
- stimulus
- increase blood sugar level by accelerating glucose synthesis and glycogen breakdown
- increases rate of lipolysis
- increase blood sugar level by accelerating glucose synthesis and glycogen breakdown
- decreased blood glucose levels
insulin
-functions
- lowers blood sugar levels by accelerating glucose uptake into cells
- increases lipogenesis
- stimulates AA uptake and protein synthesis
- lowers blood sugar levels by accelerating glucose uptake into cells
normal glucose levels
70-110 mg/dl
diabetes mellitus
- characteristic
- 2 types
- high blood glucose levels
- type I and type II
