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A&P 2 lab > lab 10 > Flashcards

lab 10 Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine glands

A
  1. pituitary gland
  2. thyroid gland
  3. parathyroids
  4. adrenals
  5. pancreas
  6. thymus
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2
Q

pituitary gland

  • location
  • connected to hypothalamus by
  • 2 lobes
A
  • lies in sella turcica of the spenoid bone
  • infundibulum
  • anterior (adenohypopyis) and posterior (neurohypopysis)
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3
Q

thyroid gland

  • location
  • what does it look like
  • 2 lobes joined by
A
  • anterior surface of the trachea
  • butterfly
  • right and left lobes; joined by isthmus
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4
Q

parathyroids

  • location
  • 2 pairs
A
  • posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland

- superior and inferior

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5
Q

adrenals

  • location
  • definition
  • covered by
A
  • superior to each kidney
  • triangular structure consisting of an outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla
  • CT capsule
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6
Q

pancreas

  • location
  • consists of
A
  • between stomach and duodenum

- head, body and tail

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7
Q

thymus

  • location
  • consists of
  • divided into
  • large in
A
  • lies in mediastinum
  • 2 long lobes separated by CT into lobules
  • outer cortex and inner medulla
  • children an reaches max size during puberty
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8
Q

adenohypopysis

  • composed of
  • secretes
A
  • glandular epithelial tissue

- 7 hormones (TSH, GH, prolactin, ACTH, FSH, LH and MSH)

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9
Q

neurohypopysis

  • consists of
  • secretes
  • scattered among the nerve fibers are ___
A
  • nerve fibers
  • oxytocin and ADH
  • pituicytes
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10
Q

thyroid gland

  • tissue
  • consists of
A
  • cuboidal epithelium

- follicles,colloid, c cells

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11
Q

colloid contains

A

thyroglobulin

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12
Q

thyroglobulin

A

a storage form of the thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

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13
Q

parafollicular cells or C cells

A

secretes calcitonin

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14
Q

parathyroid glands

  • hormone produced
  • function of hormone
A
  • parathyroid hormone

- regulate [Ca++] in body fluids; responds directly to [Ca++] in body fluids; increases Ca++

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15
Q

adrenal gland

  • secretes
  • cortex is divided into
A
  • corticosteroids
    1. zona glomerulosa
      1. zona fasiculata
      2. zona reticularis
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16
Q

zona glomerulosa

  • hormone produced
  • main principle of that hormone
A
  • mineralcorticoids

- aldosterone

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17
Q

zona fasiculata

  • hormone produced
  • main principle of that hormone
A
  • glucocorticoids

- cortisol

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18
Q

zona reticularis

-hormone produced

A

-androgens

19
Q

pancreas

  • exocrine gland consists of
  • endocrine system cells
A
  • acinar cells

- pancreatic islets

20
Q

acinar cells

A

secrete digestive enzymes

21
Q

pancreatic islets

A

secrete insulin and glucagon

22
Q

thymus

-what does medulla contain

A

thymic or hassall’s corpuscles

23
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A
  1. growth hormone
  2. thyroid stimulating hormone
  3. adrenocorticotropic hormone
  4. follicle stimulating hormone
  5. luteinizing hormone
  6. prolactin
24
Q

growth hormone

-functions

A
  1. growth
  2. protein anabolism
  3. lipid mobalization and catabolism
25
Q

TSH

-functions

A

controls secretion of hormones by thyroid gland

26
Q

ACTH functions

A

controls secretion of glucocorticoids by adrenal cortex

27
Q

FSH functions

  • female
  • male
A
  • initiates dev of follicles that secrete estrogen

- stimulates sperm maturation

28
Q

LH functions

  • female
  • male
A
  • triggers ovulation and secretes progesterone

- stimulates interstitial cells of Leydig in the testes to produce testosterone

29
Q

prolactin function

A

stimulates milk production by the mammary glands

30
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

oxytocin and ADH

31
Q

oxytocin functions

  • female
  • male
A
  • induces labor and milk ejection

- stimulates contractions of vas deferens and prostate gland

32
Q

antidiuretic hormone

  • functions
  • consequences
A
  • increases water reabsorption

- decreased urine vol, elevated blood vol and pressure

33
Q

thyroid hormones

-functions

A
  1. increases metabolic rate of most cells

2. stimulates growth and development and activity of the nervous system

34
Q

calcitonin functions

A
  1. lowers blood levels of Ca++ by inhibiting breakdown of bone and enhancing the excretion of Ca++ by the kidney
35
Q

parathyroids

-function

A
  • increases blood Ca++ levels by:
    1. stimulates osteoclasts and the release of Ca++ from bone
    2. inhibits osteaoblasts and bone deposition
    3. increases Ca++ reabsorption by the kidney
    4. accelerates Ca++ absorption by the digestive tract
36
Q

mineralcorticoids

  • mainly
  • functions
  • stimulus
A
  • aldosterone
    1. increases renal reabsorption of sodium and water
      1. decreases renal reabsorption of potassium
    1. decreased blood levels of Na+ or increased blood levels of K+
      1. activation of renin-angiotensin pathway by decreased blood vol or pressure or sympathetic stimulation
37
Q

glucocorticoids

  • mainly
  • functions
  • stimulus
A
  • cortisol
    1. helps promote normal metabolism of glucose, protein and fat
      1. provides resistance to stress and anti inflammatory effects
  • stress and low blood levels of glucocorticoids
38
Q

gonadocorticoids

  • mainly
  • function
A
  • androgens

- secreted in low amounts and effects are insignificant

39
Q

adrenal medulla hormones

A
  • epinephrine and noepinephrine
    1. sympathomimetic (produces effects that mimic those of the ANS during stress
  • activation of the sym. NS
40
Q

glucagon

  • functions
  • stimulus
A
    1. increase blood sugar level by accelerating glucose synthesis and glycogen breakdown
      1. increases rate of lipolysis
  • decreased blood glucose levels
41
Q

insulin

-functions

A
    1. lowers blood sugar levels by accelerating glucose uptake into cells
      1. increases lipogenesis
      2. stimulates AA uptake and protein synthesis
42
Q

normal glucose levels

A

70-110 mg/dl

43
Q

diabetes mellitus

  • characteristic
  • 2 types
A
  • high blood glucose levels

- type I and type II

A&P 2 lab (11 decks)

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