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A&P 2 lab > lab 6 > Flashcards

lab 6 Flashcards

1
Q

pulmonary ventilation

  • aka
  • consists of
  • air moves in and out of lungs due to
A
  • breathing
  • phases of inspiration and expiration
  • pressure gradients
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2
Q

boyles law

A

states that there is an inverse relationship between the volume of a gas and its pressure in a closed container

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3
Q

inspiration

  • initiated by
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostals
  • size of the thoracic cavity
  • intrapulmonary pressure
A
  • contractions of the external intercostals and diaphragm
  • moves down from its relaxed dome shaped position to a flattened position
  • lifts the rib cage upward
  • increases
  • decreases
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4
Q

Expiration

  • initiated by
  • lung volume
  • intrapulmonary pressure
A
  • relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals
  • decreases
  • increases
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5
Q

what happens during forced breathing

A

additional accessory muscles are used to produces chest movements during both inspiration and expiration

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6
Q

how can lung function be monitored?

A
  1. by the respiration rate
  2. the depth of breathing
  3. by the volume of air breathed
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7
Q

respiratory air volumes

A
  • volumes of air that move in and out of the lungs during various phases of breathing
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8
Q

3 types of spirometers

A
  1. handheld (propper)
  2. recording collins
  3. BIOPAC airflow transducer
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9
Q

Handheld

  • type
  • description
A
  • dry

- designed for screening measurements of vital capacity and measures exhaled air only and is calibrated in ml

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10
Q

recording collins

  • type
  • description
A
  • wet (tank type)
  • measures inhaled and exhaled air. a written record is made when the pen moves over paper positioned on a kymograph or rotating drum
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11
Q

BIOPAC airflow transducer

  • type
  • description
A
  • air flow gauge
  • measure differences in air flow across a barrier as a subject breathes. It interfaces with a personal computer to form a DAS. the software directs automatic calculations for lung volumes
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12
Q

wet tank type spirometers

  • upward deflection of the pen is caused by what
  • downward deflection is caused by what
A
  • inspiration

- expiration

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13
Q

spirogram

A

recording of breathing made with a spirograph

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14
Q

total lung capacity

A

volume of gas in the lungs after a maximum inhalation

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15
Q

vital capacity

A

maximum amount of gas that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

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16
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of a gas inspired or expired during each normal ventilation cycle

17
Q

inspiratory capacity

A

maximum amount of gas that can be inhaled after a normal exhilation

18
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

maximum amount of gas that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation

19
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

maximum amount of gas that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal inhalation

20
Q

functional residual capacity

A

volume of gas left in lungs after a normal exhilation

21
Q

residual volume

A

volume of gas left in lungs after a maximum exhilation

22
Q

how to measure measured volume in collins

A

peak-trough

23
Q

respiratory rate

  • definition
  • normal respiratory rate
A
  • number of complete respiratory cycles per minute

- 12-18/min

24
Q

Tidal volume

  • normal tidal volume
  • calculate in propper
  • calculate in collins
A

500 ml

  • exhale 3 times then divide total value by 3
  • peak-trough
25
Q

minute respiratory volume

  • definition
  • calculation
  • normal
A
  • total volume of air that moves into lungs each minute
  • tidal volume x respiratory rate = MRV (ml/min)
  • 6000-9000 ml/min
26
Q

expiratory reserve volume

-normal expiratory reserve volume (males and females)

A
  • male: 1000 ml

- females 700 ml

27
Q

vital capacity

  • calculation
  • normal male
  • normal female
A
  • IRV + TV + ERV
  • 4800 ml
  • 3100 ml
28
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

  • calculations
  • normal male
  • normal female
A
  • VC - (TV + ERV)
  • 3300 ml
  • 1900 ml
29
Q

inspiratory capacity

  • calculations
  • normal male
  • normal female
A
  • IC= TV+IRV or VC -ERV
  • 3800 ml
  • 2400 ml
30
Q

residual volume

  • normal male
  • normal female
A
  • 1200 ml

- 1100 ml

31
Q

functional residual capacity

  • normal male
  • normal female
A
  • ERV +RV
  • 2200 ml
  • 1800 ml
32
Q

total lung capacity

  • calculations
  • normal male
  • normal female
A
  • IRV + TV + ERV + RV
  • 6000 ml
  • 4200 ml
33
Q

Percent forced expiratory volume (timed vital capacity)

  • definition
  • when is it expelled
  • normal value
  • advantage
A
  • the subject inhales maximally and then exhales maximally as fast as possible
  • during the first second or % FEVt
  • 75-85%
  • able to diagnose lung disorder
34
Q

how does hyperventilation affect blood CO2 levels?

A

decreases

35
Q

how does breathing into a bad affect blood CO2 levels?

A

increases

36
Q

how does exercise affect blood carbon dioxide levels

A

increases

37
Q

do the following factors increase or decrease the respiratory rate and depth?

  • increase in blood CO2
  • decrease in blood CO2
  • increase in blood pH
  • decrease in blood pH
  • decrease in O2
A
  • increase
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • increase
  • increase

A&P 2 lab (11 decks)

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