lab 6 Flashcards
pulmonary ventilation
- aka
- consists of
- air moves in and out of lungs due to
- breathing
- phases of inspiration and expiration
- pressure gradients
boyles law
states that there is an inverse relationship between the volume of a gas and its pressure in a closed container
inspiration
- initiated by
- diaphragm
- external intercostals
- size of the thoracic cavity
- intrapulmonary pressure
- contractions of the external intercostals and diaphragm
- moves down from its relaxed dome shaped position to a flattened position
- lifts the rib cage upward
- increases
- decreases
Expiration
- initiated by
- lung volume
- intrapulmonary pressure
- relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals
- decreases
- increases
what happens during forced breathing
additional accessory muscles are used to produces chest movements during both inspiration and expiration
how can lung function be monitored?
- by the respiration rate
- the depth of breathing
- by the volume of air breathed
respiratory air volumes
- volumes of air that move in and out of the lungs during various phases of breathing
3 types of spirometers
- handheld (propper)
- recording collins
- BIOPAC airflow transducer
Handheld
- type
- description
- dry
- designed for screening measurements of vital capacity and measures exhaled air only and is calibrated in ml
recording collins
- type
- description
- wet (tank type)
- measures inhaled and exhaled air. a written record is made when the pen moves over paper positioned on a kymograph or rotating drum
BIOPAC airflow transducer
- type
- description
- air flow gauge
- measure differences in air flow across a barrier as a subject breathes. It interfaces with a personal computer to form a DAS. the software directs automatic calculations for lung volumes
wet tank type spirometers
- upward deflection of the pen is caused by what
- downward deflection is caused by what
- inspiration
- expiration
spirogram
recording of breathing made with a spirograph
total lung capacity
volume of gas in the lungs after a maximum inhalation
vital capacity
maximum amount of gas that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation
tidal volume
volume of a gas inspired or expired during each normal ventilation cycle
inspiratory capacity
maximum amount of gas that can be inhaled after a normal exhilation
inspiratory reserve volume
maximum amount of gas that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation
expiratory reserve volume
maximum amount of gas that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal inhalation
functional residual capacity
volume of gas left in lungs after a normal exhilation
residual volume
volume of gas left in lungs after a maximum exhilation
how to measure measured volume in collins
peak-trough
respiratory rate
- definition
- normal respiratory rate
- number of complete respiratory cycles per minute
- 12-18/min
Tidal volume
- normal tidal volume
- calculate in propper
- calculate in collins
500 ml
- exhale 3 times then divide total value by 3
- peak-trough
minute respiratory volume
- definition
- calculation
- normal
- total volume of air that moves into lungs each minute
- tidal volume x respiratory rate = MRV (ml/min)
- 6000-9000 ml/min
expiratory reserve volume
-normal expiratory reserve volume (males and females)
- male: 1000 ml
- females 700 ml
vital capacity
- calculation
- normal male
- normal female
- IRV + TV + ERV
- 4800 ml
- 3100 ml
Inspiratory reserve volume
- calculations
- normal male
- normal female
- VC - (TV + ERV)
- 3300 ml
- 1900 ml
inspiratory capacity
- calculations
- normal male
- normal female
- IC= TV+IRV or VC -ERV
- 3800 ml
- 2400 ml
residual volume
- normal male
- normal female
- 1200 ml
- 1100 ml
functional residual capacity
- normal male
- normal female
- ERV +RV
- 2200 ml
- 1800 ml
total lung capacity
- calculations
- normal male
- normal female
- IRV + TV + ERV + RV
- 6000 ml
- 4200 ml
Percent forced expiratory volume (timed vital capacity)
- definition
- when is it expelled
- normal value
- advantage
- the subject inhales maximally and then exhales maximally as fast as possible
- during the first second or % FEVt
- 75-85%
- able to diagnose lung disorder
how does hyperventilation affect blood CO2 levels?
decreases
how does breathing into a bad affect blood CO2 levels?
increases
how does exercise affect blood carbon dioxide levels
increases
do the following factors increase or decrease the respiratory rate and depth?
- increase in blood CO2
- decrease in blood CO2
- increase in blood pH
- decrease in blood pH
- decrease in O2
- increase
- decrease
- decrease
- increase
- increase
