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A&P 2 lab > Lab 2 > Flashcards

Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the heart lies in the lower central portion of the _____ cavity in an area called the _____

A
  • thoracic

- mediastinum

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2
Q

mediastinum

  • contains what 4 things
  • lies between
A
  • heart, great vessels, trachea and esophagus

- right and left lungs and rests atop the diaphragm

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3
Q

apex of heart

A

located inferior and to the left, while its base points posteriorly
-5th intercostal space on left

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4
Q

base of heart

A

located at about the level of the 3rd costal cartilage and extends from the 5th to the 9th thoracic vertebra

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5
Q

what is the heart surrounded by

A

the pericardial sac

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6
Q

pericardial sac

-consists of 2 things

A
  1. fibrous pericardium

2. serous pericardium

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7
Q

fibrous pericardium

  • composed of
  • function
A
  • dense connective tissue

- anchors the heart to the central tendon of the diaphragm

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8
Q

serous pericardium

-consists of 2 things

A
  • visceral pericardium (inner most layer)

- parietal pericardium (adjacent to the fibrous pericardium)

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9
Q

serous fluid

  • location
  • what secretes it
  • function
A
  • between the 2 layers of pericardial sac
  • pericardial membranes
  • allows heart to beat in a relatively friction less environment
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10
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardial sac

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11
Q

coronary sulcus

  • definition
  • what does it contain
A
  • divides the external surface of the heart between the atria and ventricles; fat filled groove
  • coronary arteries and the coronary sulcus
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12
Q

auricle

A

appendage of wall that extends out from the chamber

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13
Q

right atrium

  • type of blood
  • where does it receive from
A
  • deO2 blood

- superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

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14
Q

left atrium

  • type of blood
  • where does it receive from
A
  • oxygenated blood

- pulmonary veins

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15
Q

anterior and posterior sulci

  • function
  • what do they contain
A
  • separate their respective surfaces into right and left ventricles
  • major coronary vessels
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16
Q

what arteries branch from the ascending aorta

A

right and left coronary arteries

17
Q

what does the left coronary artery divide into

A

the anterior interventricular branch (supplies O2 to ventricles)

18
Q

circumflex branch

-follows what

A

follows the coronary sulcus to the posterior surface of the heart

19
Q

great cardiac vein

-functions

A

-collects most of the deO2 blood on the anterior surface and by the middle cardiac vein on the posterior surface

20
Q

what do the great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein empty into

A

the coronary sinus

21
Q

ischemia

A

reduced O2 supply weakens cells but does not actually kill them

22
Q

angina pectoris

A

ischemia of the myocardium

23
Q

myocardial infarction

  • known as
  • results due to what
A

heart attack

-results due to death of an area of tissue because of an interruption of blood supply

24
Q

endocardium

A

thin and smooth layer of the heart wall

-covers the valves and is continuous with the lining of the great vessels

25
Q

what are the upper chambers of the heart separated by and what does it contain

A

a partition called the interatrial septum and contains a shallow depression known as the fossa ovalis

26
Q

what does the fossa ovalis mark the site of

A

the foramen ovale

27
Q

foramen ovale

A

connects the right and left atria of the fetus

28
Q

atrioventricular valves

  • location
  • right names
  • left names
A
  • lie between the atria and the ventricles
  • tricuspid, right AV valve
  • bicuspid, left AV valve, mitral valve
29
Q

what are the ventricles separated by

A

interventricular septum

30
Q

chordae tendineae

  • function
  • originates from
A
  • anchors AV valves by tiny while chords

- from small bundles of muscle called papillary muscle

31
Q

valvular stenosis

A

narrowing of one of the four valves regulating blood flow

32
Q

intercalated discs

A

special membranes that connect short-branched cells

A&P 2 lab (11 decks)

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