Lab 8 Flashcards
traits that were expressed by the F1 plants
dominant
traits that were not expressed by F1 plants
recessive
what were the factors that Mendel described
genes
what do parents not transmit to their offspring
physiological traits; they discrete information for the traits (factors)
where are genes carried
on chromosomes
how many genes are passed down to an offspring
receives one copy of each gene from each parent
what are the alternative forms of a gene called
alleles
how is an offspring considered to be homozygous
two haploid gametes containing the same allele fuse during fertilization
how is an offspring considered to be heterozygous
two haploid gametes contain different alleles
how does dominant and recessive alleles work
dominant alleles are those that are expressed, and recessive alleles are present but not expressed
what is a genotype
total set of alleles that an individual contains; genetic makeup
what is a phenotype
physical appearance or other observable characteristics of an individual; result from alleles expression
what is the purpose of punnett squares
identify the genotypes of all possible zygotes in a cross
what is incomplete dominance
when the heterozygous is intermediate in appearance between the two homozygotes
what is an example of incomplete dominance
white flower crossed with red flower create an offspring that is pink
what is codominance
when each allele has its own effect on the phenotype; heterozygous shows some aspect of the phenotype of both homozygotes
what is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance
the heterozygote of the incomplete dominance is the intermediate of the homozygotes, while the codominance is when some aspect of both homozygotes is found in the heterozygote
what is an example of codominance
white flower crossed with red flower and offspring has both white and red coloring
what is on the surface of red blood cells
gene that determines ABO blood types
how does the gene that determines ABO blood types work
encodes an enzyme that adds sugar molecules to proteins on the surface of red blood cells
what do blood types have thay decide what blood type a person has
antigens
what does type A exhibit
galactosmine
what does type B exhibit
galactose
what does AB exhibit
both galactosamine and galactose
what is blood typing categorized as
codominant
what kinds of tips are used with micropipettes
disposable ; tips can be autoclaved
how should hold the micropipette
keep it upright to prevent liquids from running inside the shaft
what are some important rules to remember when handling a micropipette
- do not allow pipettes to come into contact with corrosive chemicals
- make sure the volume has been correctly set
- locking ring must be unlocked before changing volumes
