Lab 7 mitosis Flashcards
interphase
G1, S, G2 take place
- DNA replication and most of the cell’s growth take place
what does each cell have in interphase
nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelop and contains chromosomes in an uncoiled state
what is the mass of DNA and protein called in this uncoiled state of interphase
chromatin
how does prophase begin (in M phase)
when chromosomes begin to coil and condense
what occurs during prophase in the M phase
centrioles continue to move opposite poles of the nucleus
what occurs during prometaphase (M phase)
- centrioles are at poles of cell
- chromosomes continue too dense
- nuclear envelope breaks down
- spindles continue to form
what signals the end of prometaphase (M phase)
when the centromere lie on the equator
metaphase (M phase)
duplicated chromosomes lie at the equator
what hold the two sister chromatids together in metaphase ( M phase)
centromere
when does metaphase (M phase) end
when the centromeres separate
what are sister chromatids known as when the centromeres separate
chromosomes
when does anaphase end
when the chromosomes reach the poles; this is when telophase begins
telophase
nuclear envelope forms around each new cluster of chromosomes
- ends when these nuclear envelopes are completed
what allows for the division of cytoplasm
cytokinesis
- formation of two separate cells
what else is formed during cytokinesis in animal cells
a cleavage furrow at the end of the equator which eventually pinches the parent cell cytoplasm in two
- forms cell membrane
when does centriole duplication occur (interphase)
late G1 or early S phase
G1 (interphase)
decondensed chromosomes are in center of cell as a mass of chromatin
S phase (interphase)
duplication of DNA/chromosome
sister chromatids
each strand of a duplicated chromosome
- identical to each other
G2 (interphase)
start of separation of centriole pairs and movement of these centriole pairs toward opposite poles of nucleus
what do plants not have during mitosis
centrioles
what do plant cells have during mitosis
bundles of microtubules that converge towards the poles at then ends of a spindle
how do plant chromosomes differ from humans
generally larger
when are cells more actively dividing in animals
early embryo
- cells are large and divide rapidly with short interphase
