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Biology Lab > Biology Lab 3 > Flashcards

Biology Lab 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the smallest and most simple biological structure

A

the cell

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2
Q

what is a prokaryotic cell

A

the earliest known cell that lacks a nuclei and membrane bound organelles

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3
Q

what is a eukaryotic cell

A

cells that have a nuclei and membrane bound organelles

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4
Q

what are groups of cells that have specific and different functions

A

tissues

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5
Q

what are the four types of microscopes used in lab

A
  1. compound microscope
  2. stereoscopic microscope
  3. scanning electron microscope (SEM)
  4. transmission electron microscope (TEM)
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6
Q

what are some of the various light microscopes

A
  1. phase contrast
  2. dark field
  3. polarizing
  4. UV
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7
Q

how do light microscopes usually differ

A

by the source and manner in which light is passed through the specimen to be viewed

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8
Q

what microscopes did we use in exercise 3.1

A

compound binocular light microscopes

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9
Q

what does compound mean in a compound binocular microscope

A

the scopes have a minimum of 2 magnifying lenses (ocular and objective lenses)

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10
Q

what does the binocular microscope mean in a compound binocular light microscope?

A

have 2 eyepieces

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11
Q

what kind of light does a compound binocular light microscope use

A

visible light from a lamb

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12
Q

When should you place or remove a slide onto the stage

A

when the 4X objective is in in place

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13
Q

what is parfocal lenses

A

little refocusing is required when moving from one lens to another

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14
Q

what should you never focus with when on intermediate or high power objective

A

coarse adjustment

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15
Q

what is the working distance

A

distance between specimen and the objective lens

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16
Q

what is a more common unit of measure in microscopy

A

micrometer

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17
Q

1 millimeter is equal to how many micrometers

A

1,000 micrometers

18
Q

what is depth of field

A

the thickness of the specimen that may be seen in focus at one time; this is very short in the compound microscope so you will need to focus up and down to clearly view all planes of the specimen

19
Q

what are the 2 types of electron microscopy

A
  1. transmission electron microscopy
  2. scanning electron microscopy
20
Q

how does transmission electron microscopy work

A

allows researchers to examine very thin sections of cells at extremely high magnification; 1,000,000X

21
Q

how does scanning electron microscopy work

A

provides an image of the surface of the cell at a lower magnification; 100,000X

22
Q

what is the main difference between electron and light microscopes

A

resolving power; allows the user to see 2 objects of comparable size that are close together and still be able to recognize they are 2 objects rather than 1

23
Q

what does resolving power depend on

A

wavelength of light (electrons) passed through a specimen; shorter the wavelength, the greater resolution

24
Q

how do electron microscopes work

A

they focus a beam of electrons through a specimen to illuminate it; shorter wavelength as well

25
Q

which is better, the resolving power of electron or light microscopes

A

electron microscope

26
Q

what is the source of illumination in the electron microscope

A

beam of electrons

27
Q

what are organelles

A

structures found within the cytoplasm that preform specific functions in the cell

28
Q

what makes up the cytoplasm

A

a semifluid substance; fills the cell

29
Q

what are unicellular organisms and how do they function

A

single celled; all living functions handled by that 1 cell

30
Q

what do cells form that act as temporary clusters of cells

A

aggregates

31
Q

what are colonies

A

clusters composed of consistent and predictable number of cells

32
Q

what are multicellular organisms

A
  1. consist of 2 or more types of cells with specialized structure and function
  2. any one of the cell types of the organisms are isolated, then it is not capable of perpetuating the species in nature
33
Q

what are the 2 types of unicellular eukaryotic organisms

A
  1. autotrophic (photosynthetic)
  2. heterotrophic (get food from other organisms or their by-products)
34
Q

what specimen was used in part 3.4

A

amoeba

35
Q

how was the amoeba transferred to the slide

A

use a pipet and transfer a drop with several amoebas to your slide by squeezing the pipet bulb before you place the tip under the surface of the water . Pipette a drop of water with debris from the bottom of the dish.

36
Q

what specimen was studied in lab study b

A
  1. protococcus; terrestrial green algae know as moss
  2. Scenedesmus; aquatic green algae that is common in polluted water
37
Q

when completing lab c, what was used to look at plant cells

A

a wet amount of Elodea

38
Q

what structures are you trying to identify in the plant cell

A
  1. cell wall
  2. cytoplasm (does not fill nucleus)
  3. central vacuole
  4. chloroplasts
  5. nucleus
39
Q

where is the central vacuole located in a plant cell and what is its function

A

membrane bound sac within cytoplasm; serves to store metabolic wastes and gives the cell support through turgor pressure

40
Q

what is the purpose of the chloroplasts in plant cells

A

carry the pigment chlorophyll that is involved in photosynthesis; green in color and have a spherical shape; located within the cytoplasm

41
Q

what is the purpose of the epithelial tissue in animal cells

A

protect from water loss, mechanical injury, and foreign objects

42
Q

what structures in the animal cell are you trying to identify

A
  1. cell membrane
  2. nucleus
  3. cytoplasm

Biology Lab (23 decks)

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